《2026年水木金卷高考模拟试卷精编英语》

D
If you ever feel that the world is against you，you are not alone. We all have a tendency to assume that when anything goes wrong，the fault lies within some great intrigue(诡计) against us. If a co-worker fails the deadline，they must be trying to ruin career. When Wi-Fi in a coffee shop is not working，the staff must be lying about having it to attract you in.
But the simple fact is that these explanations，which we tend to jump to，are barely true. Maybe your co-worker thought today was Tuesday，not Wednesday. Maybe the Wi-Fi router was just broken. This is where Hanlon’s razor(汉隆剃刀) comes in—a useful mental model that tells us not to think someone is doing something bad on purpose when it can be fully explained by ignorance.
Applying Hanlon’s razor，a useful tool for rapid decision-making and intelligent comprehension，in our day-to-day lives allows us to become less judgmental，and improve reasoning skills. Meanwhile，Hanlon’s razor allows us to give people the benefit of the doubt，have more empathy(共情) and teaches us not to assume the worst intention in the actions of others，the value of which is most pronounced in relationships，business matters，and personal happiness.
We all lead complex lives where things are constantly going wrong. When this occurs，a common response is to blame the nearest person and assume they have bad intention. However，when someone messes up around us，we forget how many times we，too，have done the same. Instead，the perpetrator(犯错者) becomes a source of intense annoyance.
To assume intention in such a situation is likely to worsen the problem. None of us can ever know what someone else wants to happen. Inability or ignorance is far more likely to be the cause than the desire to hurt. When a situation causes us to become angry or upset，it can be valuable to consider if those emotions are justified. Often，the best way to react to other people causing us problems is by seeking to educate them，not to dismiss them. In this way，we can avoid repeats of the same situation.
51. How do people typically react to failures according to the passage?
A. Face true ill intention.
B. Try to change the current circumstances.
C. Find reliable people for help.
D. Blame others without proper grounds.
52. What is the core concept emphasized by Hanlon’s razor?
A. It stresses punishing those who make errors.
B. It assumes evil intention drives all incidents.
C. It claims technical failures are intentional.
D. It prioritizes ignorance over evil as causes.
53. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Hanlon’s razor helps people make quick decisions in all situations.
B. People often forget their own past mistakes when others mess up.
C. Anger is always a reasonable reaction when others cause problems.
D. Dismissing others is the best way to deal with problems caused by them.
54. Which of the following proverbs best illustrates the application of Hanlon’s razor?
A. “A bad workman always blames his tools.”
B. “Don’t judge a book by its cover.”
C. “Think no ill where no ill intent appears.”
D. “Where there’s smoke，there’s fire.”
55. What is the passage most likely to discuss in the following paragraphs?
A. Strategies to control anger when facing technical failures.
B. Historical origins of the term“Hanlon’s razor”.
C. The impact of the family size on workplace relationships.
D. Examples of how to teach others to avoid repeating mistakes.

答案： 51.D 细节理解题。题干意为:根据这篇文章,人们通常会对失败做出怎样的反应？根据第一段中“We all have a tendency to assume that when anything goes wrong,the fault lies within some great intrigue(诡计) against us.”和第四段中“When this occurs,a common response is to blame the nearest person and assume they have bad intention.”可知,当不好的事情发生时,人们通常会在没有适当理由的情况下指责他人。故选D。
52.D 细节理解题。题干意为:汉隆剃刀强调的核心概念是什么？根据第二段中“This is where Hanlon’s razor(汉隆剃刀) comes in—a useful mental model that tells us not to think someone is doing something bad on purpose when it can be fully explained by ignorance.”可知,汉隆剃刀的理念是当某件事可以完全用愚蠢无知来解释时,不要认为某人是故意做坏事的。由此可知,汉隆剃刀的核心概念是强调无知比恶意更可能是导致错误的原因。故选D。
53.B 细节理解题。题干意为:根据这篇文章,下列哪种说法是正确的？根据第四段中“when someone messes up around us,we forget how many times we,too,have done the same”可知,当别人搞砸事情时,人们会忘记自己曾经也犯过同样的错误。故选B。
54.C 推理判断题。题干意为:下面哪句谚语最能说明汉隆剃刀的应用？根据第二段中“Hanlon’s razor(汉隆剃刀)... tells us not to think someone is doing something bad on purpose when it can be fully explained by ignorance”可知,汉隆剃刀强调某件事完全可以用无知来解释时,就不要认为某人是故意做坏事的。由此可推知,C项“在没有恶意的情况下,不要恶意揣测”最能体现其应用。故选C。
55.D 推理判断题。题干意为:这篇文章最有可能在接下来的段落中讨论什么？根据最后一段中“Often,the best way to react to other people causing us problems is by seeking to educate them,not to dismiss them.In this way,we can avoid repeats of the same situation.”可知,最后一段表示,对于给我们造成问题的人,最好的反应是教育他们,这样就可以避免同样的情况再次发生。由此可推知,文章接下来可能会讨论如何教育他人避免重复犯错的例子。故选D。