《2026年水木金卷高考模拟试卷精编英语》

C
In a groundbreaking new study, researchers have discovered bottled water sold in stores can contain 10 to 100 times more bits of plastic than previously estimated—nanoplastics(纳米塑料) are so tiny that that they cannot be seen under a microscope.
At 1/1,000th the average width of a human hair, nanoplastics are so tiny that they can migrate through the tissues of the digestive tract(消化道) or lungs into the bloodstream, distributing potentially harmful artificial chemicals throughout the body and into cells, experts say.
One liter of water—equal to two standard-size bottles of bottled water—contained an average of 240, 000 plastic particles(粒子) belonging to seven types of plastics, of which 90% were identified as nanoplastics and the rest were microplastics, according to the new study.
Microplastics are polymer fragments that can range from less than 0.2 inches (5 millimeters) down to 1/25,000th of an inch (1 micrometer). Anything smaller is a nanoplastic that must be measured in billionths of a meter.
In the new study, published Monday in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, researchers from Columbia University presented a new technology that can see, count and analyze the chemical structure of nanoparticles in bottled water.
Instead of 300 per liter, the team behind the latest study found the actual number of plastic bits in three popular brands of water sold in the United States to be in between 110, 000 and 370,000, if not higher.
"The innovative new techniques presented in the study open the door for further research to better understand the potential risks to human health," said Jane Houlihan, research director for Healthy Babies, Bright Futures—an alliance of nonprofits committed to reducing babies' exposures to neurotoxic(毒害神经的) chemicals, who was not involved in the study.
"Infants and young children may face the greatest risks, as their developing brains and bodies are often more vulnerable to impacts from toxic exposures," said Houlihan in an email.
Nanoplastics are the most worrisome type of plastic pollution for human health, experts say. That's because the particles can invade individual cells and tissues in major organs, potentially interrupting cellular processes and depositing harmful chemicals such as bisphenols, phthalates, PFAS, and heavy metals.
There are things people can do to reduce their exposure to plastics, said Houlihan. "We can avoid consuming foods and drinks in plastic containers. We can wear clothing made from natural fabrics and buy consumer products made from natural materials," Houlihan said. "We can simply assess the plastic in our daily lives and find alternatives whenever possible."
46. Where can nanoplastics be found in our body?
A. The blood.
B. The lung.
C. The stomach.
D. Almost everywhere.
47. What are the differences between nanoplastics and microplastics?
A. Nanoplastics are harmful, while microplastics aren't.
B. Nanoplastics exist in bottled waters, while microplastics don't.
C. Nanoplastics can migrate through certain tissues, while microplastics can't.
D. Nanoplastics are relatively smaller, while microplastics are much bigger.
48. Why is Jane Houlihan's statement mentioned in Paragraph 7?
A. To add more background information for the new study.
B. To make preparations for the following contents.
C. To provide an objective evaluation of the new study.
D. To encourage readers to focus on the new study.
49. What is the meaning of the underlined word "vulnerable" in the passage?
A. Fragile.
B. Optimistic.
C. Emotional.
D. Ignorant.
50. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The discovery of nanoplastics in bottled water.
B. The health risks of nanoplastics in bottled water.
C. The impact of nanoplastics on human health.
D. The importance of reducing plastic use.

答案： 46 D 细节理解题。题干意为:纳米塑料可以在我们体内的什么地方被找到?根据第二段中“nanoplastics... can migrate through the tissues of the digestive tract(消化道) or lungs into the bloodstream, distributing potentially harmful artificial chemicals throughout the body and into cells”可知,纳米塑料可以穿透消化道或肺部的组织进入到血液中,并将可能有害的物质分布到全身和细胞中。由此可知,几乎在身体各处都可能发现纳米塑料。故选D。
47 D 细节理解题。题干意为:纳米塑料和微塑料之间的差异是什么?根据第四段中“Microplastics… can range from less than 0.2 inches(5 millimeters) down to 1/25,000th of an inch(1 micrometer). Anything smaller is a nanoplastic that must be measured in billionths of a meter.”可知,纳米塑料相对更小,微塑料相对更大。故选D。
48 C 推理判断题。题干意为:为什么在第七段中提到了Jane Houlihan的说法?根据第七段中“The innovative new techniques presented in the study open the door for further research to better understand the potential risks to human health”和“who was not involved in the study”可知,作为没有参与研究的人员,Jane Houlihan表示这项研究中提出的创新的新技术为进一步研究打开了大门,以便更好地了解影响人类健康的潜在风险。由此可推知,引用Jane Houlihan的话是为了客观评价新技术的意义。故选C。
49 A 词义猜测题。题干意为:文中画线单词“vulnerable”的意思是什么?根据画线单词所在句中“Infants and young children may face the greatest risks, as their developing brains and bodies are often more vulnerable to impacts from toxic exposures”和常识可知,婴儿和幼儿可能面临最大的风险,这是因为他们正在发育的大脑和身体往往更容易受到毒性暴露的影响。由此可推知,vulnerable意为“脆弱的”,与“fragile”意思相近。故选A。
50 A 主旨大意题。题干意为:这篇文章的主旨是什么?通读全文,并根据第一段内容可知,本文主要介绍了一项最新研究发现瓶装水中含有大量的纳米塑料颗粒,并介绍了纳米塑料可能对人体健康造成的潜在危害以及减少接触塑料的方法。由此可知,本文主要围绕在瓶装水中发现纳米塑料这一研究发现展开。故选A。