《2026年水木金卷高考模拟试卷精编英语》

C
Teen brains aged faster than normal from stress by at least three years, a study has found. The study, published in *Biological Psychiatry: Global Open Science*, was the first to compare examinations of the physical structures of teenagers' brains from before and after the stress started, and to document significant differences.
Researchers knew teens had higher levels of depression, anxiety and fearfulness than before the stress. But we knew nothing about the effects on their brains. The researchers found growth in brain areas that control access to some memories and help control fear, stress and other emotions.
Premature(过早的) aging of kids' brains isn't a positive development. Their stressful childhood experiences not only make people easier to suffer from depression, anxiety and other mental illnesses, but they can raise the risk of cancer, heart disease and other long-term negative outcomes.
The scientists tried to make out how the stress itself may have impacted the physical structure of the children's brains and their mental health. They matched pairs of children with the same age, gender and stress. "That allowed us to compare 16-year-olds before the stress with different 16-year-olds assessed after the stress," said Ian Gotlib, a psychology professor at Stanford University.
To determine the brain age of their samples, the researchers fed their brain examinations into a machine-learning model for predicting brain age developed by the ENIGMA-Brain Age working group, a co-operation among scientists who share their brain image data sets. They also appraised mental health outcomes reported by the matched pairs. They found more severe symptoms of anxiety, depression and internalizing(内在化的) problems in the group that had experienced the stress.
Dan Siegel, a clinical professor of psychiatry at the UCLA School of Medicine, noted that many individuals experience post-traumatic(创伤后的) growth after a stressful experience. "This is a useful initial study," agreed David Fassler, a clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of Vermont. "I expect the results will inform the design of future research initiatives."
46. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A. Researchers had a good knowledge of aging.
B. Stress greatly influenced teenagers' brains.
C. Brain growth improved teenagers' happiness.
D. Bad memories resulted in negative emotions.
47. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A. The positive development of teenage brains.
B. The stressful childhood experiences of teenagers.
C. The impact of premature aging of kids' brains.
D. The mental illnesses that teenagers suffer from.
48. Why was the machine-learning model developed?
A. To satisfy the need of the market.
B. To analyze the brain age of samples.
C. To predict mental health outcomes.
D. To solve internalizing problems.
49. What's probably the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 5?
A. Behaved.
B. Complained.
C. Objected.
D. Evaluated.
50. What was David Fassler's attitude to the study?
A. Favorable.
B. Indifferent.
C. Doubtful.
D. Unclear.

答案： 46.B 推理判断题。题干意为我们可以从前两段得知什么？根据第一段中“Teen brains aged faster than normal from stress by at least three years，a study has found.”和第二段中“The researchers found growth in brain areas that control access to some memories and help control fear，stress and other emotions.”可知，研究发现青少年的大脑因压力而过快衰老，并且压力影响了大脑中控制某些记忆和情绪的区域。由此可推知，压力极大地影响了青少年的大脑。故选B。
47.C 段落大意题。题干意为第三段的主旨是什么？根据第三段内容可知，本段介绍了孩子大脑的过早衰老并不是一种积极的发展，他们充满压力的童年经历不仅使他们更容易患上抑郁症、焦虑症和其他精神疾病，而且还可能增加患癌症、心脏病和其他长期负面结果的风险。由此可知，第三段主要介绍了孩子大脑过早衰老的影响。故选C。
48.B 细节理解题。题干意为为什么要研发机器学习模型？根据第五段中“To determine the brain age of their samples，the researchers fed their brain examinations into a machine-learning model for predicting brain age”可知，研发这个机器学习模型是为了确定样本的脑龄，即分析样本的脑龄。故选B。
49.D 词义猜测题。题干意为第五段中的画线单词的意思可能是什么？根据第五段中“They also appraised mental health outcomes... They found more severe symptoms of anxiety，depression and internalizing(内在化的)problems in the group that had experienced the stress.”可知，研究人员对心理健康结果进行了某种操作，然后发现了经历压力的小组中有更严重的焦虑、抑郁等问题；结合选项可推知，“appraised”意思是“评估”，与“evaluated”意思相近。故选D。
50.A 推理判断题。题干意为David Fassler对这项研究的态度是什么？根据最后一段中“‘This is a useful initial study，’agreed David Fassler... ‘I expect the results will inform the design of future research initiatives.’”可知，David Fassler表示，这是一项有用的初步研究，其研究结果将为未来研究计划的设计提供依据。由此可推知，David Fassler对这项研究持支持态度。故选A。