《2026年水木金卷高考模拟试卷精编英语》

C
Quantum computing (量子计算) represents a revolutionary leap in the field of information technology. Unlike classical computers, which use bits as the smallest unit of data, quantum computers use quantum bits, or qubits. These qubits can exist in multiple states simultaneously, thanks to the principles of superposition and entanglement (叠加和纠缠原理). This allows quantum computers to process complex calculations at high speed, potentially solving problems that are currently difficult for classical computers.
One of the most promising applications of quantum computing is in the field of cryptography (密码学). Current encryption (加密) methods rely on the difficulty of factoring large numbers, a task that classical computers struggle with due to the time it takes. Quantum computers, however, could factor these numbers exponentially (指数级地) faster, causing many existing encryption methods outdated. This has led to a race to develop quantum-resistant encryption algorithms to secure data in the future.
Another area where quantum computing could have a significant impact is in drug discovery and material science. The ability to simulate molecular interactions at the quantum level could accelerate the development of new drugs and materials. For instance, quantum computers could model the behavior of complex molecules, allowing researchers to identify potential drug candidates more efficiently. This could lead to breakthroughs in treating diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's.
Despite its potential, quantum computing is still in its initial stage. Building and maintaining a quantum computer is an enormous technical challenge. Qubits are highly sensitive to their environment, and even the slightest interference can cause errors in calculations. This phenomenon, known as decoherence, is one of the biggest obstacles in developing practical quantum computers. Researchers are exploring various approaches to reduce decoherence, such as using error-correcting codes and developing more stable qubit technologies.
Moreover, the ethical implications of quantum computing cannot be overlooked. The power to break current encryption methods could have far-reaching consequences for privacy and security. Governments and organizations must consider the potential risks and establish regulations to ensure that quantum computing is used responsibly. As the technology advances, it will be crucial to balance innovation with ethical considerations to exploit its full potential for the benefit of society.
46. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. The history of quantum computing.
B. The principles and potential applications of quantum computing.
C. The challenges of classical computing.
D. The ethical implications of information technology.
47. What is a key difference between classical computers and quantum computers?
A. Classical computers use smaller units of data than quantum computers.
B. Classical computers are more stable than quantum computers.
C. Quantum computers are sensitive to environmental interference.
D. Quantum computers can process data faster due to different principles.
48. What is one potential application of quantum computing mentioned in the passage?
A. Improving internet speed.
B. Developing quantum-resistant encryption algorithms.
C. Enhancing social media platforms.
D. Creating virtual reality environments.
49. What is decoherence in the context of quantum computing?
A. The ability of qubits to exist in multiple states simultaneously.
B. The process of developing stable qubit technologies.
C. The sensitivity of qubits to environmental interference causing errors.
D. The method of using error-correcting codes in classical computers.
50. What does the passage suggest about the future of quantum computing?
A. It requires balancing innovation with ethical considerations.
B. Its ethical implications will be well understood and managed.
C. Governments and organizations will ensure it has no potential risks.
D. It will primarily be used for encryption purposes.

答案： 46.B 主旨大意题。题干意为:这篇文章的主题是什么?通读全文,并根据第一段中“thanks to the principles of superposition and entanglement(叠加和纠缠原理)”和第二段中“One of the most promising applications of quantum computing is in the field of cryptography(密码学).”以及第三段中“Another area where quantum computing could have a significant impact is in drug discovery and material science.”可知,本文主要介绍了量子计算的原理及其潜在应用。故选 B。
47.D 细节理解题。题干意为:传统计算机和量子计算机之间的关键差异是什么?根据第一段中“These qubits can exist in multiple states simultaneously, thanks to the principles of superposition and entanglement(叠加和纠缠原理). This allows quantum computers to process complex calculations at high speed”可知,传统计算机和量子计算机之间的关键区别是由于原理不同,量子计算机通过叠加和纠缠原理可以更快地处理数据。故选 D。
48.B 细节理解题。题干意为:文中提到的量子计算的一项潜在应用是什么?根据第二段中“This has led to a race to develop quantum-resistant encryption algorithms to secure data in the future.”可知,量子计算的一个潜在应用是开发抗量子加密算法。故选 B。
49.C 细节理解题。题干意为:在量子计算背景下,退相干是什么?根据倒数第二段中“Qubits are highly sensitive to their environment, and even the slightest interference can cause errors in calculations. This phenomenon, known as decoherence”可知,退相干是指量子位对环境非常敏感,即使是最轻微的干扰也会导致计算错误的现象。故选 C。
50.A 推理判断题。题干意为:关于量子计算的未来,这篇文章暗示了什么?根据最后一段中“As the technology advances, it will be crucial to balance innovation with ethical considerations to exploit its full potential for the benefit of society.”可推知,本段暗示了未来的量子计算需要在创新和道德考量之间取得平衡。故选 A。