《2025年高考模拟试题汇编高中英语》

C
A new study reveals that pigeons(鸽子) can tackle some problems just like artificial intelligence, enabling them to solve difficult tasks that might challenge humans. Previous research has theorized that pigeons employ a problem - solving strategy, involving a trial - and - error approach, which is similar to the approach used in AI models but differs from humans' reliance on selective attention and rule use. To examine it, Brandon Turner, a psychology professor at the Ohio State University, and his colleagues conducted the new study.
In the study, the pigeons were presented with various visual images, including lines of different widths and angles, and different types of rings. The pigeons had to peck(啄) a button on the right or left to indicate the category to which the image belonged. If they got it correct, they received food; if they were wrong, they received nothing. Results showed that, through trial and error, the pigeons improved their accuracy in categorization tasks, increasing their correct choices from about 55% to 95%.
Researchers believed pigeons used associative learning, which is linking two phenomena with each other. For example, it is easy to understand the link between “water” and “wet”. “Associative learning is frequently assumed to be far too primitive to explain complex visual categorization like what we saw the pigeons do,” Turner said. But that's exactly what the researchers found.
The researchers' AI model tackled the same tasks using just the two simple mechanisms that pigeons were assumed to use: associative learning and error correction. And, like the pigeons, the AI model learned to make the right predictions to significantly increase the number of correct answers. For humans, the challenge when given tasks like those given to pigeons is that they would try to come up with rules that could make the task easier. But in this case, there were no rules, which upsets humans.
What's interesting, though, is that pigeons use this method of learning that is very similar to AI designed by humans, Turner said. “We celebrate how smart we are that we designed artificial intelligence; at the same time, we regard pigeons as not clever animals,” he said.
8.What is the purpose of the new study?
A. To test a theory. B. To evaluate a model.
C. To employ a strategy. D. To involve an approach.
9.What were the pigeons expected to do in the experiment?
A. Draw circles. B. Correct errors.
C. Copy gestures. D. Identify images.
10.What do pigeons and AI have in common according to the study?
A. They are of equal intelligence.
B. They are good at making rules.
C. They respond rapidly to orders from humans.
D. They employ simple ways to get things done.
11.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Pigeons' trial - and - error method is revealed
B. Pigeons outperform humans in tough tasks
C. “Not smart” pigeons may be as smart as AI
D. AI models after pigeons' learning approach

答案： 8.A 推理判断题
【解析】该题问的是这项新研究的目的是什么。通读第一段可知，一项新研究表明，鸽子可以像人工智能一样解决一些问题，这使它们能够解决可能会考验人类的困难任务。之前的研究从理论上说明，鸽子使用了一种解决问题的策略，包括试错方法，这与人工智能模型中使用的方法类似，但与人类对选择性注意和规则使用的依赖不同。为了检验这一点，俄亥俄州立大学心理学教授Brandon Turner和他的同事进行了这项新研究。由此可推知，进行这项新研究是为了检验一个理论。故选A。
9.D 细节理解题
【定位句】In the study, the pigeons were presented with various visual images, including lines of different widths and angles, and different types of rings. The pigeons had to peck(啄) a button on the right or left to indicate the category to which the image belonged. (第二段第一、二句)
译文：在这项研究中，研究人员向鸽子展示了各种视觉图像，包括不同宽度和角度的线条，以及不同类型的圆环。鸽子必须啄一下左边或右边的按钮来指出图像所属的类别。
【解析】该题问的是鸽子在实验中应该做什么。根据定位句可知，鸽子在实验中要识别图像。故选D。
10.D 细节理解题
【定位句】The researchers' AI model tackled the same tasks using just the two simple mechanisms that pigeons were assumed to use: associative learning and error correction. (第四段第一句)
译文：研究人员的人工智能模型处理相同的任务使用的正是人们认为鸽子使用的两种简单机制：联想学习和纠错。
【解析】该题问的是根据这项研究，鸽子和人工智能有什么共同点。根据定位句可知，二者都通过使用简单的方法来完成任务。故选D。
11.C 标题概括题
【定位句】①A new study reveals that pigeons(鸽子) can tackle some problems just like artificial intelligence, enabling them to solve difficult tasks that might challenge humans. (第一段第一句)
译文：一项新的研究显示，鸽子可以像人工智能一样解决一些问题，这使它们能够解决可能会考验人类的困难任务。
②“We celebrate how smart we are that we designed artificial intelligence; at the same time, we regard pigeons as not clever animals,” he said. (第五段第二句)
译文：他说：“我们赞美自己多么聪明设计出了人工智能，然而，我们却认为鸽子并不聪明。”
【解析】通读全文尤其是定位句可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究成果，鸽子可以像人工智能一样解决一些问题，但设计出人工智能的人类却认为鸽子并不聪明。C项“‘不聪明’的鸽子可能和人工智能一样聪明”能概括文章大意，适合做本文的标题。故选C。