《2025年高考模拟试题汇编高中英语》

D
It was long theorized that people make decisions based on integrated global calculations that occur within the frontal cortex(额叶皮层) of the brain, which is considered the seat of higher - order thinking. However, Yale researchers have found that three distinct brain circuits from the frontal cortex connecting to different brain regions are involved in making good decisions, bad ones, and determining which of those past choices to store in memory.
The study of decision - making in rats may help scientists find the roots of flawed decision - making common to mental health disorders such as addiction, the authors say. They used a new tool to manipulate(操纵) brain circuits in rats while they were making choices between actions that led to them receiving rewards or no rewards. If the rats made the right decision, one that ended in a reward, one of the brain circuits was activated, but another was activated if the rats made the wrong choice and received no reward. The third circuit stored past experiences and decisions to help the rats with future choices.
Stephanie Groman, lead author of the research says, “A comparison would be deciding on a restaurant for dinner. For instance, without the ‘good choice’ circuit you may not return to the restaurant with good food and without the ‘bad choice’ circuit you might not avoid the restaurant with bad food. The third ‘memory’ circuit is crucial in making decisions such as whether to return to the restaurant after receiving one bad meal after several good ones.”
Changes in these circuits may help explain a typical feature of addiction—why people continue to make harmful choices even after repeated negative experiences. The Yale researchers previously showed that some of the same brain calculations were disrupted(扰乱) in animals that had taken methamphetamine. “Because we used a test that is similar to those used in studies of human decision making, our findings have direct relevance to humans and could aid in the search for novel treatments for substance abuse in humans,” Groman said.
32.How was Yale's research different from the previous theory?
A. It defined the function of different brain regions.
B. It identified specific circuits involved in decision - making.
C. It focused on the connection between choices and memories.
D. It highlighted the role of the frontal cortex in higher - order thinking.
33.What can be inferred from Stephanie Groman's words?
A. Memories are related to all the three circuits.
B. People base their decisions on personal preferences.
C. The three circuits are all of vital importance in making decisions.
D. The circuit related to rewards is the foundation of deciding wisely.
34.What does the last paragraph mainly focus on?
A. The limitations of the present study.
B. A description of the research method.
C. A possible reason for the study findings.
D. The potential application of the conclusion.
35.What might be the best title for the text?
A. How people get addicted and cured
B. How making decisions influences our brain
C. How our brain develops when facing choices
D. How the brain helps us make good decisions and bad ones

答案： D
32.B 细节理解题
[定位句]However, Yale researchers have found that three distinct brain circuits from the frontal cortex connecting to different brain regions are involved in making good decisions, bad ones, and determining which of those past choices to store in memory. (第一段第二句)
译文：然而，耶鲁大学的研究人员发现，前额叶皮层连接至大脑不同区域的三条不同的大脑回路分别参与了做出好的决定、坏的决定以及决定将哪些过去的抉择存储入记忆中。
[解析]根据定位句可知，耶鲁大学的研究与之前的研究的不同之处在于它确定了参与决策的特定脑回路。故选B。
33.C 推理判断题
[定位句]Stephanie Groman, lead author of the research says, “A comparison would be deciding on a restaurant for dinner. For instance, without the ‘good choice’ circuit you may not return to the restaurant with good food and without the ‘bad choice’ circuit you might not avoid the restaurant with bad food. The third ‘memory’ circuit is crucial in making decisions such as whether to return to the restaurant after receiving one bad meal after several good ones. ”(第三段)
译文：这项研究的主要作者Stephanie Groman说：“打一个比方就像是决定去哪家餐厅吃晚餐。例如，如果没有‘好选择’回路，你可能不会再次光顾那些食材质量好的餐厅，如果没有‘坏选择’回路，你可能就无法避免再去那些食材质量不好的餐厅。第三条‘记忆’回路在做出决定时至关重要，比如连续几次在这家餐厅享用过美食之后，有了一次不愉快的用餐体验后是否还要回到这家餐厅。”
[解析]根据定位句可推知，这三条回路对于做出决定都是非常重要的。故选C。
34.D 段落大意题
[定位句]Changes in these circuits may help explain a typical feature of addiction—why people continue to make harmful choices even after repeated negative experiences. (第四段第一句)
译文：这些脑回路的变化可能有助于解释成瘾的一个典型特征——为什么人们在有了多次消极的体验后仍会继续做出有害的选择。
[解析]根据最后一段内容尤其是定位句可推知，该段主要介绍了这个结论的潜在应用。故选D。
35.D 标题概括题
[解析]通读全文可知，耶鲁大学的研究人员发现不同的脑回路参与做出不同的决定，然后通过介绍研究过程和研究的主要作者的看法说明了不同的脑回路帮助人们进行决策的情况。由此可知，D项“大脑如何帮助我们做出好的决定和坏的决定”能概括本文大意，可能是本文的最佳标题。故选D。