《2025年高考模拟试题汇编高中英语》

D
The multitalented, Renaissance genius Leonardo da Vinci over 500 years ago wrote down his “rule of trees”, which described the way he thought that trees branch. Though it was a brilliant insight that helped him to draw realistic landscapes, Leonardo's rule breaks down for many types of trees. Now, a new branching rule—nicknamed “Leonardo-like”—works for virtually any leafy tree.
“The older Leonardo rule describes the thickness of the branches, while the length of the branch was not taken into account,” says physicist Sergey Grigoriev. “Therefore, the description using the older rule is not complete.” Leonardo's rule says that the thickness of a limb(大树枝) before it branches into smaller ones is the same as the combined thickness of the limbs sprouting(生长) from it.
However, according to Grigoriev and his colleagues, it's the surface area that stays the same. Using surface area as a guide, the new rule incorporates limb widths and lengths, and predicts that long branches end up being thinner than short ones. Unlike Leonardo's guess, the updated rule works well when the team checks slim birches(桦树) as well as strong oaks.
To test their rule, the research team took photographs of trees from a variety of species and analyzed the branches to confirm that the real-world patterns matched the predictions. The photos offer “a direct measurement of the characteristics of a tree without touching it, which can be important when dealing with a living object”, Grigoriev says. Though the team hasn't studied evergreens yet, the rule holds for all of the deciduous trees that the researchers have looked at.
While it's possible to confirm the rule by measuring branches by hand, it would require climbing into trees and checking all the limbs—a risky exercise for trees and scientists alike. “Note,” the researchers write, “that not a single tree was harmed during these experiments.”
32.What does the Leonardo's rule of trees focus on?
A. How tree branches may grow.
B. What environment trees need.
C. How trees can be drawn better.
D. What landscapes trees can form.
33.Why are birches and oaks mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A. To state the correctness of the new rule.
B. To present Leonardo's influential works.
C. To compare the features of different trees.
D. To show the popularity of Leonardo's rule.
34.How did the researchers prove the new rule?
A. By applying it to various trees.
B. By conducting on-site inspection.
C. By analyzing pictures of branches.
D. By measuring real branches directly.
35.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Further experiments are required.
B. The protection of trees is stressed.
C. Risky accidents happened in the study.
D. Trees were damaged in the experiments.

答案： D
体裁:说明文　主题语境:人与社会—历史、社会与文化—达·芬奇式分枝法则
[文章大意]文艺复兴时期多才多艺的天才达·芬奇在500多年前写下了他的“树木法则”，描述了他对树木分枝的看法。尽管这一深刻见解有助于他绘制出逼真的风景画，但达·芬奇的规则在很多种类的树木上并不适用。现在，一种新的分枝法则——被戏称为“达·芬奇式树木法则”——几乎适用于任何树叶繁茂的树木。
[语篇结构]
结构划分　　　　　　　　　　具体信息
第一段　　　达·芬奇的“树木法则”被打破
第二段—第三段　“达·芬奇式分枝法则”的研究过程
第四段—第五段　研究人员如何证实新“树木法则”
32.A　细节理解题
[定位句]The multitalented, Renaissance genius Leonardo da Vinci over 500 years ago wrote down his “rule of trees”, which described the way he thought that trees branch. (第一段第一句)
译文:文艺复兴时期多才多艺的天才莱昂纳多·达·芬奇在500多年前写下了他的“树木法则”，该法则描述了他对树木分枝的看法。
[解析]该题问的是莱昂纳多的树木法则聚焦于什么。根据定位句可知，它聚焦于树木分枝，即树枝可能是如何生长的。故选A。
33.A　推理判断题
[定位句]Unlike Leonardo's guess, the updated rule works well when the team checks slim birches (桦树) as well as strong oaks. (第三段最后一句)
译文:与莱昂纳多的猜测不同，当该团队检查纤细的桦树和结实的橡树时，更新后的法则很管用。
[解析]该题问的是第三段中为什么提到桦树和橡树。根据定位句可推知，此处提到桦树和橡树是为了说明新法则的正确性。故选A。
34.C　细节理解题
[定位句]To test their rule, the research team took photographs of trees from a variety of species and analyzed the branches to confirm that the real - world patterns matched the predictions. (第四段第一句)
译文:为了测试他们的法则，该研究团队拍摄了多种树木的照片，并分析了这些(树木的)枝条，以证实现实世界中的模式与预测结果相吻合。
[解析]该题问的是研究人员是如何证明新法则的。根据定位句可知，研究人员通过分析树枝的图片证实新法则。故选C。
35.B　推理判断题
[定位句]“Note,” the researchers write, “that not a single tree was harmed during these experiments.”(第五段最后一句)
译文:研究人员们写道：“注意，在这些实验中没有一棵树受到伤害。”
[解析]该题问的是从最后一段中我们可以推断出什么。根据最后一段内容尤其定位句可推知，该研究强调对树木的保护。
故选B。
长难句分析
句子：Though it was a brilliant insight that helped him to draw realistic landscapes, Leonardo's rule breaks down for many types of trees. (第一段第二句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。Though引导让步状语从句；that引导定语从句，先行词是a brilliant insight。
译文：尽管(莱昂纳多的)这一深刻见解有助于他绘制出逼真的风景画，但他的法则对很多种类的树木并不适用。
重点词汇与短语
virtually adv. 几乎，差不多
analyze v. 分析
confirm v.（尤指提供证据来）证实，证明
take...into account 考虑到，顾及