《2025年高考模拟试题汇编高中英语》

D
Hibernation(冬眠) is a classic topic of science fiction. In movies such as 2001: A Space Odyssey, Alien, or Passengers, crew members are put into a state of sleep to take year - long journeys to space. Now a new study from Washington University has shown that human hibernation may soon become a reality.
The research team carried out tests on rats—animals that do not naturally hibernate. They first identified a group of neurons(神经元) in a deep brain region, which were found to be involved in controlling body temperature during hibernation. They showed that, in mice, these neurons could be stimulated using ultrasound(超声波), which was delivered through a helmet without causing an injury.
When receiving the ultrasound, the mice showed a drop in body temperature of about 3℃, and their heart rates fell by about 47%. When the ultrasound system was switched off, they woke up again. The result was “surprising and fascinating”, said Hong Chen, a professor who led the work.
Researchers are also trying to determine how to harness the power of hibernation to help humans. They believe that it could be key to addressing health conditions like heart disease, and Alzheimer’s. Furthermore, hibernation’s ability to slow aging, which was observed in bats, could benefit space exploration, enabling longer missions with less food requirements. Research in animals also suggests that bodies of hibernating astronauts might lose less bone and muscle, making them fit and ready to start challenging exploration soon after they wake up.
By unlocking the secrets of this remarkable process, researchers may uncover ways to improve human health, as well as gain new insights into the natural world. Therefore, the exploration of hibernation is an exciting area that is sure to yield numerous benefits in the years to come.
The scientists now plan to look at how lowered body temperature might affect the cognitive abilities of humans. “Our next experiments will test working memory in monkeys. This is important because while astronauts physically hibernate as they fly into deep space, their brain still needs to be working,” said Chen.
12.How did researchers put rats into hibernation?
A. By lowering their body temperature.
B. By activating specific brain neurons.
C. By putting a regular helmet on them.
D. By using ultrasound through an operation.
13.What does the underlined word “harness” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Employ.
B. Challenge.
C. Overlook.
D. Discover.
14.What advantage might hibernation bring to humans?
A. It improves people’s mental health.
B. It predicts a variety of heart diseases.
C. It helps astronauts keep physically fit.
D. It enables astronauts to build up muscle.
15.What’s the purpose of the last paragraph?
A. To point out the significance of the study.
B. To bring out the focus of follow - up studies.
C. To discuss other factors affecting hibernation.
D. To explain practical applications of the findings.

答案： 12.B 细节理解题
【定位句】They first identified a group of neurons(神经元) in a deep brain region, which were found to be involved in controlling body temperature during hibernation. They showed that, in mice, these neurons could be stimulated using ultrasound(超声波), which was delivered through a helmet without causing an injury. (第二段第二、三句)
译文：他们首先在大脑深处发现了一组神经元，这些神经元被发现在冬眠期间参与控制体温。他们证明，在老鼠身上可以用超声波来刺激这些神经元，超声波通过头盔传递而不会造成伤害。
【解析】该题问的是研究人员如何让老鼠进入冬眠状态。根据定位句并结合第三段第二句可知，研究人员通过激活特定的大脑神经元使老鼠进入冬眠状态。故选B。
13.A 词义猜测题
【解析】A项意为“运用”；B项意为“挑战”；C项意为“忽略”；D项意为“发现”。根据第四段内容可知，冬眠在很多方面对人类有益。由此可知，画线词所在句表示研究人员试图确定如何利用冬眠的力量来帮助人类。由此可推知，画线词应意为“利用”，与A项意思相近。故选A。
14.C 细节理解题
【定位句】Research in animals also suggests that bodies of hibernating astronauts might lose less bone and muscle, making them fit and ready to start challenging exploration soon after they wake up. (第四段最后一句)
译文：对动物的研究还表明，处于冬眠状态的宇航员的身体可能会减少骨骼和肌肉的损失，这会使他们在醒来后能保持健康，并很快准备好开始具有挑战性的探索。
【解析】该题问的是冬眠可能给人类带来什么好处。根据定位句可知，冬眠可以帮助宇航员保持身体健康。故选C。
15.B 目的意图题
【定位句】“Our next experiments will test working memory in monkeys.”(第六段第二句)
译文：“我们接下来的实验将测试猴子的工作记忆。”
【解析】通读最后一段尤其是定位句可知，最后一段主要介绍了接下来的实验是测试猴子的记忆力。由此可推知，最后一段的目的在于阐明后续研究的重点。故选B。