《2025年高考模拟试题汇编高中英语》

D
Hiring processes can be thought of as a battle between integrity and dishonesty. You might imagine this is a simple fight between truth - seeking firms and self - promoting candidates, and to a certain extent it is. But companies themselves are prone(有倾向的) to bend reality out of shape in ways that are self - defeating.
Start with the obvious wrongdoers: job applicants. When it comes to writing the resume(简历), they tend to massage(美化) reality into the most appealing shape possible. Everyone beyond a certain level of experience is a transformational leader personally responsible for generating millions income; the world economy would be about 15 times bigger than it actually is if all such claims were true. The average British spends four and a half hours a day watching TV and online videos. But each average job candidate is an enthusiast for public welfare, using their spare time only for worthy purposes, like volunteering in soup kitchens.
But the tendency to stretch the truth infects companies as well as applicants. The typical firm will write a job description that invariably describes the work environment as fast - paced and innovative, and then lays out a set of improbable requirements for the “ideal candidate”, someone who almost by definition does not exist. Sometimes, the requirements include an ability to go back and change the course of history.
Too few firms offer an accurate account of what a position actually involves in their job previews, which are supposed to give prospective employees a genuine sense of the negatives and positives of the job, as well as a clear idea of the company's corporate culture. One effective strategy is to lay out, in text or video, what a typical day in the role would look like.
Such honesty can be its own reward. Research has long suggested that realistic job previews lead to lower turnover and higher employee satisfaction. A paper in 2011 by David Earnest of Towson University and his co - authors concluded that favourable perceptions of the organisation's honesty are the best explanation for why. So a process designed to uncover the truth about job applicants would run a lot more smoothly if firms were also honest about themselves.
12.Why are “leader” and “enthusiast” mentioned in Paragraph 2?
A. To present a rule.
B. To clarify a fact.
C. To make a comparison.
D. To explain a phenomenon.
13.What does the underlined word “stretch” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Overstate.
B. Overturn.
C. Overlook.
D. Overestimate.
14.What are job previews expected to be like in Paragraph 4?
A. They show a position as it is.
B. They are made either in text or video.
C. They are favorable for bigger firms.
D. They mainly contain negatives of a job.
15.What does the text mainly talk about?
A. Pains and gains of employees.
B. How to get the lying out of hiring.
C. How to be more appealing in hiring.
D. A wrestle between applicants and companies.

答案： 12.D 推理判断题
[定位句]Everyone beyond a certain level of experience is a transformational leader personally responsible for generating millions income; the world economy would be about 15 times bigger than it actually is if all such claims were true.（第二段第三句）
译文：每个经验超过一定水平的人都是变革型领导者，个人负责创造数百万美元的收入；如果所有这些说法都是真的，那么世界经济规模将比实际规模大15倍左右。
[解析]根据定位句可知，变革型的领导者并未创造数百万美元的收入；结合第二段最后一句“But each average job candidate is an enthusiast for public welfare, using their spare time only for worthy purposes, like volunteering in soup kitchens.”可知，每位普通求职者都是公益事业的热情支持者，他们的业余时间只用于有价值的目的，比如在救济站做志愿者。再结合第二段第二句可推知，作者提及“leader”和“enthusiast”是为了说明求职者在写简历时的一种现象。故选D。
13.A 词义猜测题
[解析]A项意为“夸大”；B项意为“推翻”；C项意为“忽略”；D项意为“高估”。根据第二段内容可知，求职者在写简历时往往会美化事实。“But”表明该句与上段构成转折关系。由此可推知，此处表示这种夸大事实的倾向会影响公司和求职者。因此，stretch应意为“夸大”，与overstate同义。故选A。
14.A 细节理解题
[定位句]Too few firms offer an accurate account of what a position actually involves in their job previews, which are supposed to give prospective employees a genuine sense of the negatives and positives of the job...（第四段第一句）
译文：很少有公司会在职位预览中准确地描述一个职位的实际工作内容，而职位预览本应是让未来的员工真正了解这份工作的优缺点……
[解析]该题问的是第四段中公司的职位预览应该是什么样子。根据第四段内容尤其是定位句可知，工作预览应该如实展示职位的实际情况。故选A。
15.B 主旨大意题
[解析]通读全文可知，第一段提出招聘过程是一场关于诚信的较量；然后介绍了求职简历和招聘启事夸大事实的现象及其危害；最后讲述了公司诚信招聘的意义。由此可知，B项“如何让招聘不再充满谎言”能概括本文大意。故选B。