《2025年高考模拟试题汇编高中英语》

D
At a conference last week, I received an interesting piece of advice: “Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a fellow psychology professor. He wasn’t objecting to any particular claim I’d made—he was offering a strategy for pursuing better science, and for encouraging others to do the same.
To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back—to the nature of science itself. Despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories change, so do scientific methods.
Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks, and for scientific arguments to develop into personal battles. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to be viewed as a helpful pointer, a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong—a goal that your critic probably shares.
Nosek’s advice may sound pessimistic, but it’s not so foreign to science. Philosophers of science sometimes refer to the “pessimistic meta - induction(元归纳)” on the history of science: All of our past scientific theories have been wrong, so surely our current theories will turn out to be wrong, too. That doesn’t mean we haven’t made progress, but it does indicate that there is always room for improvement—ways to be less wrong.
I like the advice because it builds in an awareness of our limitations and a readiness to accept the unknown (“there are things I do not know!”) along with a sense that we can do better (“there are things I do not know yet!”). It also builds in a sense of community—we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right. Perhaps the focus on a shared goal—our goal as scientists and humans of being less wrong—can help make up for any harm in scientific motivation or communication.
12.Why did Nosek send the advice?
A. To express opinions about my claims.
B. To remind me to be open to criticism.
C. To encourage me to take up science.
D. To better my understanding of psychology.
13.How does assuming you are wrong help?
A. It motivates scientists to make efforts.
B. It addresses personal attacks and conflicts.
C. It sets a constructive improvement goal.
D. It contributes to a deeper insight into yourself.
14.What does the author think of science theories?
A. Dynamic.
B. Testable.
C. Pioneering.
D. Well - established.
15.Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Accept the Unknown
B. Aim to Be Less Wrong
C. Get Engaged in Psychology
D. Dig into the Nature of Science

答案： 12.B　13.C　14.A　15.B