《2025年高考模拟试题汇编高中英语》

C
In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote, “I have come to the conclusion that there is only one way to get the best of an argument—and that is to avoid it.” This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives—and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.
Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal(言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions—like, say, tennis tournaments. Pairs of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner comes out from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking explains why so many people try to avoid arguments.
However, there are ways to win an argument every time. When you state your position, formulate(阐述) an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good. When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully. Assess its strength and weakness. Raise objections(异议) and listen carefully to their replies. This method will require effort, but practice will make you better at it.
These tools can help you win every argument—not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about what divides people, learning why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we readjust our view of arguments—from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other—then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.
28. What is the author’s attitude toward Carnegie’s understanding of argument?
A. Critical.
B. Supportive.
C. Tolerant.
D. Uncertain.
29.Why do many people try to avoid arguments?
A. They lack debating skills.
B. They may feel bad even if they win.
C. They fear being ignored.
D. They are not confident in themselves.
30.What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Defend.
B. Explain.
C. Conclude.
D. Repeat.
31.What is the key to “winning” an argument according to the author?
A. Sense of logic.
B. Solid supporting evidence.
C. Proper manners.
D. Understanding from both sides.

答案： 28.A 观点态度题
[定位句]This distaste for arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes problems for our personal and social lives—and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.(第一段最后一句)
译文：这种对争论的厌恶是很普遍的，但它取决于一种对争论的错误观点，这种观点会给我们的个人生活和社会生活带来问题——而且在很多方面，它一开始就没抓住争论的重点。
[解析]该题问的是作者对Carnegie对争论的看法持什么态度。通读第一段尤其是定位句可知，作者对Carnegie对争论的看法持批判态度。故选A。
29.B 细节理解题
[定位句]Like physical fights, verbal(言语的) fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. You would be feeling almost as bad if arguments were even just competitions—like, say, tennis tournaments.(第二段第二至四句)
译文：像肢体冲突一样，口舌之争也会让双方流血。即使你赢了，你最终也不会变得更好。如果争论只是比赛，比如网球比赛，你也会感觉很糟糕。
[解析]该题问的是为什么许多人尽量避免争论。根据定位句可知，很多人尽量避免争论，是因为他们即使赢了也会感觉很糟糕。故选B。
30.B 词义猜测题
[定位句]When you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view and spell out their argument fully.(第三段第三句)
译文：当你和一个表明立场的人交谈时，让他们给你一个他们持有此观点的理由，并让他们充分阐释自己的论点。
[解析]该题问的是第三段中的画线词“spell out”可能是什么意思。A项意为“保卫”；B项意为“解释”；C项意为“推断出”；D项意为“重复”。根据定位句可知，画线词所在句应表示让他们充分阐明他们的观点，画线词应意为“解释，阐明”，与B项意思相近。故选B。
31.D 细节理解题
[定位句]If we readjust our view of arguments—from a verbal fight or tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain respect and understanding from each other—then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.(最后一段最后一句)
译文：如果我们调整我们对争论的看法——从一场口舌之争或网球比赛转变为一种理性的交流，通过这种交流，我们都能获得彼此的尊重和理解——那么我们就改变了“赢得”争论的本质。
[解析]该题问的是在作者看来，“赢得”一场争论的关键是什么。根据定位句可知，作者认为“赢得”一场争论的关键是通过一种理性的交流获得彼此的尊重和理解。故选D。