《2025年5年中考3年模拟英语湖南专版》

Passage 7(2023 郴州,C 人与社会)

Astronauts would face dangers both getting to and surviving(生存) on Mars. Let’s learn about surviving a trip to Mars.
What would it take to keep people safe and healthy on a trip to Mars? Scientists are already working on it though the trip may be many years later.
Over the last 60 years, many spacecraft(航天器) have flown by, orbited(沿轨道运行) and even landed on the Red Planet. However, humans could work faster and smarter than machines. That’s why the United States, China and other countries want to send people to Mars. But surviving this trip would not be easy.
A trip to Mars would be the farthest journey in human history. Mars is about 225 million kilometers away, so it would take astronauts at least six months to reach there. However, it only takes a few days to get to the moon.
While space travel is never free of danger, it takes a lot more health risks to travel in space for a long time. For one thing, staying in space for long periods makes the human body weak. Also, it puts pressure on the eyes and causes eye problems. But gravity(重力) machines could help.
Then there’s space radiation(辐射) to worry about. It might raise the risk of health problems, especially for astronauts who will have long journeys. Scientists are working out the problems. They have found taking certain vitamins(维生素) can help.
Astronauts will have to pack light to lift off from Earth. But they won’t be able to get things they need like astronauts on the space station do. Astronauts on the space station practice for this by growing lettuce and other food in space. Engineers are developing 3-D printing techniques which could allow future Mars astronauts to build tools as needed.
1. Why do the countries want to send astronauts to Mars?
A. Because spacecraft couldn’t work on Mars.
B. Because humans could work faster and smarter than machines.
C. Because scientists have worked out how to survive on Mars.
2. How long would it take astronauts to reach Mars?
A. A few days.
B. At least six weeks.
C. At least six months.
3. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. A trip to the moon would be the farthest journey in human history.
B. Space radiation might raise the risk of health problems for astronauts.
C. Taking certain vitamins can help reduce pressure behind the eyes in space.
4. In the last paragraph, the writer implies(暗示) that ______.
A. Mars astronauts will be able to get things they need
B. Mars astronauts can grow lettuce and other food now
C. 3-D printing techniques could allow astronauts to build tools as needed
5. The passage mainly talks about ______.
A. surviving a trip to Mars
B. spacecraft landing on Mars
C. health problems of future Mars astronauts

答案： 语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何在火星之旅中生存。主题语境属于“人与社会”范畴中“科学与技术”这一主题群，涉及子主题“科学技术与工程，人类发明与创新”。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，人类可以比机器工作得更快、更敏捷。这就是为什么美国、中国和其他国家想把人送上火星。故选B。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，火星距离地球约2.25亿千米，因此宇航员至少需要六个月才能到达那里。故选C。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第六段第一、二句“Then there’s space radiation to worry about. It might raise the risk of health problems...”可知，空间辐射可能会增加健康问题的风险。故选B。
4.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，工程师们正在开发3D打印技术，未来的火星宇航员可以根据需要制造工具。故选C。
5.A 主旨大意题。分析文章结构可知，本文为总—分结构；根据第一段的总起“Astronauts would face dangers both getting to and surviving on Mars. Let’s learn about surviving a trip to Mars.”可知，本文主要介绍如何在火星之旅中生存，故选A。
长难句 Engineers are developing 3-D printing techniques which could allow future Mars astronauts to build tools as needed.工程师们正在开发3D打印技术，可以让未来的火星宇航员根据需要制造工具。
本句为主从复合句，含有一个定语从句“which could allow future Mars astronauts to build tools as needed”，先行词为techniques。