《2025年天利38套五年高考真题汇编详解英语》

D
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens(标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias(使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation - only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye - catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?
“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not well - sampled. To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
32. What do we know about the records of species collected now?
A. They are becoming outdated.
B. They are mostly in electronic form.
C. They are limited in number.
D. They are used for public exhibition.
33. What does Daru’s study focus on?
A. Threatened species.
B. Physical specimens.
C. Observational data.
D. Mobile applications.
34. What has led to the biases according to the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis.
B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C. Improper way of sampling.
D. Unreliable data collection devices.
35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?
A. Review data from certain areas.
B. Hire experts to check the records.
C. Confirm the identity of the users.
D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.

答案： 32.B 细节理解题 【定位句】Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records.（第一段第二句）
译文：如今，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式存在。
【解析】根据定位句可知，如今，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以电子形式存在。故选B。
33.C 推理判断题 【定位句】“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens(标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”（第二段第二句）
译文：“这些观察记录(的数量)现在已经超过了来自实物标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：这些数据是否可用?”
【解析】根据定位句可知，Daru对目前使用的观察数据的可靠性表示怀疑；结合第三段中的“Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns”可知，Daru和他的团队测试了这些数据在多大程度上代表了实际的全球生物多样性模式。由此可推知，Daru的研究侧重于观察数据。故选C。
34.C 推理判断题 【定位句】①Their study revealed that the large number of observation - only records did not lead to better global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species.（第五段第一、二句）
译文：他们的研究表明，大量的纯观察记录并没有带来更好的全球覆盖(率)。此外，这些数据还存在偏差，倾向于某些地区、时段和物种。
②These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye - catching features.（第五段第四句）
译文：这些数据也偏向于某些具有吸引力或引人注目的特征的物种。
【解析】根据定位句可推知，不恰当的取样方式造成了这些偏差。故选C。
35.D 推理判断题 【定位句】To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.（第七段最后一句）
译文：为了提高观察数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户请专家确认他们上传的图像的鉴定(结果)。
【解析】根据第五段第三句中的“the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists”可知，在移动设备上获取生物多样性观测数据的人往往是公民科学家；再结合定位句可知，Daru认为，为了提高观察数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户(公民科学家)让专家对上传的图片做确认。由此可推知，Daru建议生物多样性应用程序给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。