《2025年天利38套五年高考真题汇编详解英语》

D
The Stanford marshmallow(棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late 1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow - up studies with the children later in life showed a connection between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.
As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We're not tempted(诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets—all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information, that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie - poor world, and our brains developed a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value—a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we've reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was information - poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded(轰炸) with new information. Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.

32.What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel's test?
A. Take an examination alone.
B. Show respect for the researchers.
C. Share their treats with others.
D. Delay eating for fifteen minutes.

33.According to Paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between.
A. the calorie - poor world and our good appetites
B. the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C. the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D. the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit

34.What does the author suggest readers do?
A. Absorb new information readily.
B. Be selective information consumers.
C. Use diverse information sources.
D. Protect the information environment.

35.Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Eat Less, Read More
B. The Bitter Truth about Early Humans
C. The Later, the Better
D. The Marshmallow Test for Grownups

答案： 32.D 细节理解题 [定位句]Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat.(第一段第四句)
译文：每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃糖之前等待15分钟，他们将得到第二份糖。
[解析]该题问的是在Mischel的测试中，孩子们需要做什么才能得到第二份糖。根据定位句可知，如果孩子们推迟15分钟吃糖，他们就能得到第二份糖。故选D。
33.C 细节理解题 [定位句]But as we've reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat.(第三段最后一句)
译文：但是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和数千年前一样，这种不匹配是我们中许多人都努力抗拒我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。
[解析]该题问的是根据第三段，哪两者之间存在不匹配。根据定位句可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑不匹配。故选C。
34.B 推理判断题 [定位句]Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.(第四段最后一句)
译文：因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消费，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地管理我们的时间。
[解析]根据定位句可知，作者建议读者应该谨慎对待信息消费，抵制“精神垃圾”的诱惑，高效管理自己的时间，即做选择性信息消费者。故选B。
35.D 标题概括题 [解析]通读全文可知，第一段提出了心理学家Mischel在20世纪60年代末对儿童进行的棉花糖测试。第二至四段提出了成年人每天都会面对类似的棉花糖测试，诱惑我们的是电脑、手机等将我们与全球信息传递系统连接起来的设备，然后对这种现象进行了反思。D项“成年人的棉花糖测试”能概括全文大意，是本文的最佳标题。故选D。