《2025年天利38套五年高考真题汇编详解英语》

A
PRACTITIONERS
|Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials(证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.|James Barry (c. 1789 - 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.|
|Tan Yunxian (1461 - 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships(学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.|Rebecca Lee Crumpler(1831 - 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.|
21.What did Jacqueline and James have in common?
A. Doing teaching jobs.
B. Being hired as physicians.
C. Performing surgery.
D. Being banned from medicine.
22.How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners?
A. She wrote a book.
B. She went through trials.
C. She worked as a dentist.
D. She had formal education.
23.Who was the first African American with a medical degree?
A. Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry.
D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.

答案： 21.C 细节理解题 [定位句]... she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. (Jacqueline Felice de Almania部分第二句)
译文：……她搬到了巴黎，在那里她担任内科医生一职并执行外科手术。
[解析]根据定位句并结合James Barry部分第二句中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813”可知，Jacqueline和James的共同点是她们都能执行外科手术。故选C。
22.A 细节理解题 [定位句]In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. (Tan Yunxian部分最后一句)
译文：1511年，Tan写了《女医杂言》一书，描述了她作为一名内科医生的生活。
[解析]通读全文尤其是定位句可知，Tan Yunxian与其他三位医学从业人员的不同之处是她写了一本书。故选A。
23.D 细节理解题 [定位句]Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. (Rebecca Lee Crumpler部分第二句)
译文：四年后，她成为了第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性。
[解析]根据定位句可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一位获得医学学位的非裔美国女性。故选D。
[长难句分析]Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. (Jacqueline Felice de Almania部分第二句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。where引导定语从句，先行词是Paris。
译文：她出生在佛罗伦萨的一个犹太家庭，(后来)搬到了巴黎，在那里她担任内科医生一职并执行外科手术。
[词汇积累]highlight v. 强调，突出 unlawfully adv. 不合法地 describe v. 描述
[常见搭配]in spite of尽管

B
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape(风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10 - minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz(石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy - looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route(路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
24.How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest?
A. By teaming up with other photographers.
B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C. By studying the geographical conditions.
D. By creating settings in the corn fields.
25.What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author?
A. Proper time management.
B. Good shooting techniques.
C. Adventurous spirit.
D. Distinctive styles.
26.What can we infer from the author’s trip with friends to Devil’s Lake?
A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D. They had problems with their equipment.
27.How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake?
A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting.

答案： B
体裁：记叙文 主题语境：人与自我——个人生活——拍摄经历
[文章大意]文章讲述了作者作为摄影师的拍摄经历：他克服重重困难，拍摄出高质量的风景照，并从中有所感悟。
24.B 细节理解题 [定位句]I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. (第二段最后一句)
译文：我喜欢和几个朋友一起去州立公园旅行或者是去乡村探险，并沿途拍摄照片。
[解析]根据第二段内容尤其是定位句可知，作为一名在中西部的风景摄影师，作者通过去州立公园或乡村拍照来应对挑战。故选B。
25.A 推理判断题 [定位句]Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. (第三段第一句)
译文：在合适的时间出现在合适的地点对任何摄影风格来说都很关键。
[解析]根据第三段内容尤其是定位句可推知，在作者看来，成功的风景摄影关键在于恰当的时间安排。故选A。
26.C 推理判断题 [定位句]However, we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. (第四段第五句)
译文：然而，我们没有标记路线，所以最终我们几乎完全错过了日落。
[解析]根据第四段内容尤其是定位句可推知，作者和朋友去魔鬼湖旅行时，他们到达拍摄地点的时间比预计的晚一些。故选C。
27.B 推理判断题 [定位句]Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (第四段最后一句)
译文：尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我(拍摄的)最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能做好准备并明智地管理我的时间它们本可以更好。
[解析]根据定位句可推知，作者对自己在魔鬼湖拍摄的那些照片很满意。故选B。
[长难句分析]Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. (第二段第一句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。Although引导让步状语从句。
译文：虽然中西部的风景往往是非常相似的，要么是农田，要么是公路，但有时我会在山丘或湖泊中发现独特的东西。
[词汇积累]specialize v. 专门研究(或从事)，专攻 distinctive adj. 独特的，特别的 avoid v. 避免
[常见搭配]due to由于 set up调试(设备、机器等)
[一词多义]shoot(第二段第二句)
(1)v. 开(枪或其他武器)·Don't make a move or I'll shoot! 不许动，否则我要开枪了！
(2)v. 拍摄·Can I shoot a short film? 我可以拍一部短片吗？
(3)v. 投篮·I always shoot a ball first. 我总是先投篮。

C
What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less - than - impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat - and - two - veg and ready - made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession(痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
28.What do people usually think of British food?
A. It is simple and plain.
B. It is rich in nutrition.
C. It lacks authentic tastes.
D. It deserves a high reputation.
29.Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV?
A. Authoritative. B. Creative.
C. Profitable. D. Influential.
30.Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now?
A. 20%. B. 24%.
C. 25%. D. 33%.
31.What might the author continue talking about?
A. The art of cooking in other countries.
B. Male chefs on TV programmes.
C. Table manners in the UK.
D. Studies of big eaters.

答案： C
体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——社会进步与人类文明——电视烹饪节目对英国人饮食的影响
[文章大意]文章主要介绍了英国电视烹饪节目对英国人饮食的影响。
[语篇结构]
结构划分 具体信息
第一段 引出话题——电视节目中频繁出现的顶级英国厨师
第二段 电视烹饪节目对英国人饮食的影响
第三段 介绍市场分析人士对电视烹饪节目对英国人的影响的分析数据
28.A 推理判断题 [定位句]What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? (第一段第一至三句)
译文：当你想到英国食物时，你的脑海中会出现什么呢？也许是炸鱼薯条，或者是周日晚餐的一荤两素。但是英国食物真的那么无趣吗？
[解析]根据第一段内容尤其是定位句可推知，人们通常认为英国食物简单且平平无奇。故选A。
29.D 推理判断题 [定位句]It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking. (第二段最后一句)
译文：电视节目似乎帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。
[解析]A项意为“权威性的”；B项意为“创造(性)的”；C项意为“有好处的”；D项意为“有很大影响的”。根据定位句和第三段第一句中的“1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food”并结合第二段可知，五分之一的英国人表示，观看电视上(播放)的烹饪节目鼓励他们去尝试不同的食物。由此可推知，D项“有很大影响的”最能描述英国电视上(播放)的烹饪节目。故选D。
30.D 细节理解题 [解析]根据第三段第二句中的“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they used to”可知，近三分之一的人表示他们使用的食材种类比过去更多了，即33%的人如今使用更多样化的食材。故选D。
31.B 推理判断题 [定位句]With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it's no longer “uncool” for boys like cooking. (第三段最后一句)
译文：随着越来越多的男性厨师出现在电视上，男孩们喜欢烹饪不再是“不酷”的(事情)。
[解析]根据第三段内容尤其是定位句可推知，作者接下来可能要谈论出现在电视(节目)中的男性厨师。故选B。
[亮点句积累]It's thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. (第二段第一句)
译文：正是由于这些电视(上的)厨师，而不是任何广告宣传，英国人才开始远离一荤两素和预制餐，并且在他们的烹饪习惯方面变得更加冒险。
[词汇积累]reputation n. 名声 frequently adv. 频繁地，经常 decline v. 下降 expand v. 扩充，扩大
[常见搭配]turn away from回避，避开 stick to坚持，遵循 apply for申请
[一词多义]top(第一段最后一句)
(1)n. 顶端·We climbed to the very top of the hill. 我们爬到了山顶。
(2)adj. (位置、级别或程度)最高的·She got top marks for her essay. 她的论文得了最高分。
(3)v. 居……之首·It was the first time in years that a Japanese manufacturer had not topped the list for imported vehicles. 这是多年来日本厂商第一次未能位居进口汽车名单榜首。

D
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non - literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield(盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact(联系) between literate and non - literate societies such as these, all our first - hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
32.What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. How past events should be presented.
B. What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words.
D. Why written language is reliable.
33.What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in Paragraph 2?
A. His report was scientific.
B. He represented the local people.
C. He ruled over Botany Bay.
D. His record was one - sided.
34.What does the underlined word “conversation” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Problem. B. History.
C. Voice. D. Society.
35.Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects
D. How Art Works Tell Stories

答案： D
体裁：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——历史、社会与文化——该如何了解历史
[文章大意]文字是记录历史的工具，但因历史上全世界曾经存在过文字记录的地区有限，也会有地区利用物品来记录历史。那么，历史该如何呈现呢？
[语篇结构]
结构划分 具体信息
第一段 人们不仅用文字来记录历史，也会用物品来记录历史
第二段—第三段 我们应把文字和物品相结合来了解真实的历史
32.A 段落大意题 [解析]根据第一段内容可知，如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，你不能只通过文本这一种方式，因为历史上全世界只有部分地区曾存在过文字，世界上的大部分地区在大部分时间里都没有文字。许多存在过文字记录的社会不仅用文字，也使用物品来记录他们的重要事件。由此可推知，仅仅通过文字来讲述历史是不够的。由此可推知，第一段引出了本文的话题——该如何呈现过去的事件。故选A。
33.D 目的意图题 [解析]根据第二段第二句“The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook's voyage and the Australian Aboriginals.”可知，Cook船长的航行和澳大利亚的原住民(的交集)是体现文字和非文字历史之间冲突的一种表现；根据第二段最后一句“If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.”可知，如果我们想重现那天到底发生了什么，那个盾牌必须像文字记录那样被深刻且严格地质疑和说明。即只有Cook船长的航行记录是不够的。由此可推知，作者在第二段提到Cook船长说明了他的记录是片面的。故选D。
34.B 指代判断题 [解析]根据第三段倒数第二、三句中的“a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact(联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue”可知，通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个发声的机会。当我们将像这样的有文字和没有文字的社会联系在一起时，我们所有的一手描述都必然是被歪曲了的。这(我们的一手描述)只是与历史进行的一半的对话。再根据画线词所在句中的“we have to read not just the texts, but the objects”可推知，画线词所在句表示，如果我们要找到历史的另一半，我们不仅要阅读文字，还要了解物品。由此可推知，conversation指代“历史”。故选B。
35.C 推理判断题 [解析]通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了我们需要通过不同时期和地区的文字记录及物品才能全面了解相关的历史。由此可推知，本文可能节选自C项“《100件文物中的世界史》”一书。故选C。
[长难句分析]If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. (第一段第一句)
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。If引导条件状语从句；that引导定语从句；because引导原因状语从句。
译文：如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段没有特别优待一部分人类的历史，你不能仅仅通过文字来讲述，因为全世界只有部分地区曾有过文字(记录)，而世界上的大部分地区，在大部分时间里都没有(文字)。
[词汇积累]privilege v. 给予特权，特别优待 ideally adv. 合乎理想地，作为理想的做法 conflict n. 冲突 accidentally adv. 意外地，偶然发生地
[常见搭配]in addition to除了