《2026年通城学典全国中考试题分类精粹英语》

Imagine a robot. What comes to your mind first? A machine stronger than the human body? However, this same quality is now causing a big problem—it's creating tons of long-lasting e-waste that could flood our planet. What if, instead, the machines we use were designed to break down and disappear—just as living things do?
For a study published in _Science Advances_, researchers made a robotic arm and a controller using materials from animals and plants. These materials are strong enough to work but can easily break down in a natural environment. After testing, both parts were gone in soil within weeks.
Biodegradable(可生物降解的) robotics often falls under the umbrella of soft robotics, which takes ideas from nature. "This field started in materials science and chemistry rather than traditional robots that come from mechanical(机械的) engineering," says Florian Hartmann, a materials scientist from Germany. However, many early soft robotics models still used man-made materials that cause pollution.
Wei, a scientist who studies natural materials in Hangzhou, worked together with his friend Zhang, a robotics engineer in Shanghai, to build robots for the new study. They started with cellulose(纤维素) taken from cotton. Then, they added glycerol(甘油) to make a new material that is soft and easy to change shapes. After that they allowed it to dry so it became strong. "Cellulose is cheap and easy to work with," says Wei. They found that the controller and the robotic arm stood up to both heavy use and a week of inactivity. Finally, they buried(埋) them both in a hole. Within eight weeks these two parts were almost completely gone.
Wei and Zhang expect that robots like these can be used to deal with dangerous waste and then disappear naturally. They also hope that such robots can aid doctors in operations and then safely break down inside the body.
However, it's important to note that the technology is still in very early stages. "If we truly want to have a biodegradable robot," Hartmann says, "we also need to make sure its electronics and power parts are biodegradable. "
1.What is special about the robotic armand the
controller in Paragraph 2?
A.They are green.
B.They are hard.
C.They are intelligent. ____
D.They are affordable.
2.What is mentioned in Paragraph 5 about soft
robots?
A.Their operation.
B.Their applications.
C.Their challenges.
D.Their performance.
3.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Soft robots are widely used to cleanup ewaste.
B.Soft robots have to rest for a week after ____ heavy use. __ ____ __
C.The design of soft robots borrows ideas from nature.
D.Mechanical engineering offers new ways to run soft robots.

答案： (四) [主旨大意] 本文主要介绍了可生物降解机器人的研究进展及其潜在应用，同时指出该技术仍处于早期阶段。
1. A 解析:推理判断题。根据第二段“... researchers made a robotic arm and a controller using materials from animals and plants. These materials are strong enough to work but can easily break down in a natural environment. After testing， both parts were gone in soil within weeks.”可知，研究人员用动植物材料制作了机械臂和控制器，这些材料足够坚固，但可以在自然环境中轻松分解。由此可推知，机械臂和控制器的特点是环保。
2. B 解析:段落大意题。根据第五段“Wei and Zhang expect that robots like these can be used to deal with dangerous waste and then disappear naturally. They also hope that such robots can aid doctors in operations and then safely break down inside the body.”可知，第五段主要讨论软体机器人的应用。
3. C 解析:细节理解题。根据“Biodegradable robotics often falls under the umbrella of soft robotics， which takes ideas from nature.”可知，可生物降解机器人通常属于软体机器人范畴，其灵感来自自然。