2025年实验班提优训练暑假衔接版五升六年级数学人教版


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《2025年实验班提优训练暑假衔接版五升六年级数学人教版》

2. 运用规律计算下面各题。
(1)$\frac {1}{2}+\frac {1}{4}+\frac {1}{8}+\frac {1}{16}+\frac {1}{32}+\frac {1}{64}+\frac {1}{128}$ (2)$\frac {1}{2}+\frac {1}{4}+\frac {1}{8}+\frac {1}{16}+\frac {1}{32}+... +\frac {1}{512}$
答案: (1)$\frac {1}{2}+\frac {1}{4}+\frac {1}{8}+\frac {1}{16}+\frac {1}{32}+\frac {1}{64}+\frac {1}{128}=1-\frac {1}{128}=\frac {127}{128}$
(2)$\frac {1}{2}+\frac {1}{4}+\frac {1}{8}+\frac {1}{16}+\frac {1}{32}+...+\frac {1}{512}=1-\frac {1}{512}=\frac {511}{512}$
例 计算:$\frac {1}{5}-\frac {1}{30}-\frac {1}{42}-\frac {1}{56}$

答案: 思路点拨 一个分数的分母如果是两个相邻自然数的乘积,分子是 1,那么看作是$\frac {1}{n×(n+1)},可以转化成(\frac {1}{n}-\frac {1}{n+1})$。即$\frac {1}{30}看作\frac {1}{5×6}$,可以转化成$(\frac {1}{5}-\frac {1}{6}),\frac {1}{42}看作\frac {1}{6×7}$,可以转化成$(\frac {1}{6}-\frac {1}{7}),\frac {1}{56}看作\frac {1}{7×8}$,可以转化成$(\frac {1}{7}-\frac {1}{8})$。
答案详解 $\frac {1}{5}-\frac {1}{30}-\frac {1}{42}-\frac {1}{56}$
$=\frac {1}{5}-(\frac {1}{5}-\frac {1}{6})-(\frac {1}{6}-\frac {1}{7})-(\frac {1}{7}-\frac {1}{8})$
$=\frac {1}{5}-\frac {1}{5}+\frac {1}{6}-\frac {1}{6}+\frac {1}{7}-\frac {1}{7}+\frac {1}{8}$
$=\frac {1}{8}$
3. 计算下面各题。
(1)$\frac {1}{4}-\frac {1}{20}-\frac {1}{30}-\frac {1}{42}-\frac {1}{56}$ (2)$\frac {1}{3}-\frac {1}{12}-\frac {1}{20}-\frac {1}{30}-\frac {1}{42}-\frac {1}{56}$
答案: (1)$\frac {1}{4}-\frac {1}{20}-\frac {1}{30}-\frac {1}{42}-\frac {1}{56}=\frac {1}{4}-(\frac {1}{4}-\frac {1}{5})-(\frac {1}{5}-\frac {1}{6})-(\frac {1}{6}-\frac {1}{7})-(\frac {1}{7}-\frac {1}{8})=\frac {1}{4}-\frac {1}{4}+\frac {1}{5}-\frac {1}{5}+\frac {1}{6}-\frac {1}{6}+\frac {1}{7}-\frac {1}{7}+\frac {1}{8}=\frac {1}{8}$
(2)$\frac {1}{3}-\frac {1}{12}-\frac {1}{20}-\frac {1}{30}-\frac {1}{42}-\frac {1}{56}=\frac {1}{3}-(\frac {1}{3}-\frac {1}{4})-(\frac {1}{4}-\frac {1}{5})-(\frac {1}{5}-\frac {1}{6})-(\frac {1}{6}-\frac {1}{7})-(\frac {1}{7}-\frac {1}{8})=\frac {1}{3}-\frac {1}{3}+\frac {1}{4}-\frac {1}{4}+\frac {1}{5}-\frac {1}{5}+\frac {1}{6}-\frac {1}{6}+\frac {1}{7}-\frac {1}{7}+\frac {1}{8}=\frac {1}{8}$

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