《2026年高中必刷题高中英语必修第三册外研版》

B
语篇类型:议论文 主题:人际关系 词数:339 难度:偏难 建议用时:8 分钟
[辽宁沈阳一二〇中学 2024 高一质监 ]Is forgiveness against our human nature? To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity? For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views on humanity.
The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans' essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them.
The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to control others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony?
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hate and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger, at least to the extent that the people from whom you are estranged (疏远的) accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.
As an important note, when we take a classical realist's philosophical perspective, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, in real situations, develops with practice.
1. What is Droll's idea about forgiveness?
A. People should offer mercy to others.
B. Aggressive people should learn to forgive.
C. Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity.
D. People who forgive can have their own welfare affected.
2. What does the example in paragraph 3 illustrate?
A. To fight is to grow.
B. To give is to receive.
C. To forgive is to abuse.
D. To dominate is to harm others.
3. What is the writer's attitude towards forgiveness?
A. Favourable.
B. Reserved.
C. Objective.
D. Sceptical.
4. What message does the last paragraph convey?
A. Forgiveness is in our nature.
B. Forgiveness grows with time.
C. It takes practice to forgive.
D. Actuality is based on potentiality.
核心词汇
1. essence n. 本质;实质
2. for the sake of... 为了……起见;因……的缘故
3. fall apart 破裂;崩溃;破碎
进阶词汇
1. dominance n. 优势,显要,突出
2. make for 促成;使可能

答案： 1.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Those who forgive are against their basic nature，much to their harm. In his opinion，forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others，who might then take advantage of them.”可知，德罗尔认为宽恕者违背了他们的本性，宽恕者在向他人展示仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福。故选D项。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Without love，our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to control others does not make for harmonious interactions.”可知没有爱，我们与他人的联系就会破裂，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动；本段最后一句“For example，how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony?”以反问的方式来举例阐明，试图通过控制他人并不能带来真正的和谐或幸福，即控制就是伤害他人。故选D项。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第四段中的 forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individual and communities 和“Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.”以及最后一段中的“We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive，but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive.”可知，作者提到了宽恕他人的好处以及人们应该去学习宽恕，因此作者对宽恕的态度是赞成的。故选A项。
知识拓展 表示作者的观点和态度的常见形容词
positive 积极的；肯定的 negative 消极的；否定的
favourable 支持的；赞同的 supportive 支持的
critical 批评的,批判的 suspicious 持怀疑态度的
doubtful 怀疑的；不确定的 neutral 中立的
objective 客观的 subjective 主观的
concerned 担忧的 worried 担心的,担忧的
optimistic 乐观的 pessimistic 悲观的
indifferent 不关心的 ironic 讽刺的
4.C 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段内容可知，作者指出我们不一定天生就具备原谅的能力，而是需要通过实践来发展这种能力。因此，学会原谅是需要我们付出努力去实践的故选C项。
长难句分析
Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger, at least { to the extent that the people from whom you are estranged accept your love
主句
定语从句,修饰先行词people 并列谓语 1
and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required
宾语;required 为过去分词作定语
adjustments to the extent that引导的程度状语从句
句意:原谅能够打破愤怒的循环,在一定程度上能让与你疏远的人接受你的爱和宽恕,并准备作出必要的调整。