《2026年高中必刷题高中英语必修第三册外研版》

答案 P118
A
语篇类型:记叙文 主题:环境保护 词数:340 难度:中 建议用时:7分钟
[全国新课标Ⅰ2023]When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer - causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco - machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco - machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse - like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco - machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self - repair.”
1. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?
A. He was fond of traveling.
B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind.
D. He longed to be a doctor.
2. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?
A. To feed the animals.
B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants.
D. To test the eco - machine.
3. What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?
A. To review John's research plans.
B. To show an application of John's idea.
C. To compare John's different jobs.
D. To erase doubts about John's invention.
4. What is the basis for John's work?
A. Nature can repair itself.
B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse.
D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.

答案： 1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.”和第二段第一句“... John went back to observing nature and asking questions.”以及第二段约翰提出的两个问题可知，约翰是一个有好奇心、爱探索的人。故选C项。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，约翰认为通过合理组合动植物，他或许能够像大自然一样净化废弃物，于是决定建一个被称为“生态机器”的东西；根据第三段可知，他用池塘和小溪里的动植物组成一个小型生态缸，待缸内生态系统形成后，他放进污泥；根据第四段可知，几周内污泥被分解，剩下纯净水，证明此生态系统和现实环境一样可以自我修复。由此可推知，他放进污泥是为了检验其制作的“生态机器”是否奏效。故选D项。
3.B 推理判断题。根据题干中的关键词Fuzhou可定位到文章第五段，根据第五段第一句“Over the years，John has taken on many big jobs.”及下文的例子可知，作者提到福州是为了举例说明约翰关于“生态设计”这一想法的应用。故选B项。
4.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句“A dirty stream... When he got older，John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.”及最后一段最后一句“Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”可知，约翰的“生态设计”的基础是大自然可以自我修复。故选A项。