《2026年高中必刷题高中英语必修第三册外研版》

B
语篇类型:说明文
主题:极端风暴浪
词数:356
难度:偏难
建议用时:8分钟
[湖南长沙长郡中学2024模拟]Rogues (疯狗浪), called “extreme storm waves” by scientists, are large, unexpected, and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). These abnormal waves, which happen every day and all over the world, are highly unpredictable and can destroy ships that meet with them.
Rogue waves appear to form when large rough waves pass through one another, combining to form huge walls of water, according to NOAA. However, why and where they appear is unclear. But using 700 years' worth of ocean data including historical records and data from buoys (浮标) in 158 locations around the world, researchers have now created a system for predicting these “huge beasts”.
“They are caused by a combination of many factors that, until now, have not been combined into a single risk assessment,” said lead author Dion Häfner. Häfner and his co - workers mapped the factors that may lead to rogue waves and used AI to make a single model that could determine the likelihood that a rogue wave will form.
The team trained a neural network using historical wave data. This generated a system that learnt the causes of rogue waves by itself and could work to predict them. But the AI's methods were hidden in a black box. This means scientists couldn't know how the AI did its workings. So Häfner's team applied another form of machine learning, which produced an equation (综合体) when it was fed data, rather than just a single prediction, helping the researchers to understand how the AI reached its predictions.
“Our analysis demonstrates that abnormal waves occur all the time. In fact, we registered 100,000 waves in our data set that can be defined as rogue waves,” Häfner said. This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave, Häfner added, and can better protect ships from being destroyed as they sail around the world. Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might arise to seek an alternative course.
1. How does the author introduce the topic?
A. By using an example.
B. By giving a definition.
C. By drawing a comparison.
D. By making an assumption.
2. What can the system do according to paragraph 2?
A. Monitor huge sea creatures.
B. Guide ships around in the sea.
C. Prevent rogue waves from occurring.
D. Forecast the hitting of rogue waves.
3. What is the disadvantage of the AI's methods?
A. They aren't visually available.
B. They depend on too many factors.
C. They make inaccurate predictions.
D. They don't process data systematically.
4. How does Häfner find the system?
A. It requires more field tests.
B. It has been widely used.
C. It needs further improvement.
D. It has a promising future.
核心词汇
1. lead to 导致,造成(后果)
2. apply vt. 使用;应用;涂;敷 vi. & vt. 申请
熟词生义
map 熟义:n. 地图
生义:vt. 了解信息,提供信息;绘制……的地图

答案： 1.B 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Rogues, called ‘extreme storm waves’ by scientists, are large, unexpected, and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them”可知，第一段开头介绍了“疯狗浪”是一种巨大的、意想不到的、危险的海浪，其高度至少是周围其他海浪的两倍，再结合下文关于“疯狗浪”的介绍可知，作者是通过给“疯狗浪”下定义来引入话题的。故选B项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However, why and where they appear is unclear... researchers have now created a system for predicting these ‘huge beasts’.”可知，“疯狗浪”出现的原因和地点尚不清楚，因此，研究人员创建了一个系统来预测这些“巨兽”。故选D项。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But the AI’s methods were hidden in a black box. This means scientists couldn’t know how the AI did its workings.”可知，人工智能的方法被藏在一个黑盒子里，这意味着科学家无法知道人工智能是如何工作的。故选A项。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave, Hafner added... when and where rogue waves might arise to seek an alternative course.”可知，他认为该系统可以有效地显示“疯狗浪”的迹象，并可以更好地保护航行在世界各地的船只。航运公司也可以凭借该系统来预测“疯狗浪”可能出现的时间和位置。因此，他认为这个系统有着很好的发展前景。故选D项。
长难句分析
Hafner and his co-workers mapped the factors that may lead to 主语 并列 宾语 that 引导定语从
句，修饰factors
rogue waves and used AI to make a single model {that 并列 宾语 不定式短语作目的状语
谓语1 谓语2 that 引导同位语从句，修饰likelihood
form} that引导定语从句，修饰model
句意:哈夫纳和他的同事了解了可能导致“疯狗浪”的因素，并使用人工智能制作了一个单一的模型，它可以确定“疯狗浪”形成的可能性。