《2025年点津英语天天练英语时文阅读八年级》

The Dunning-Kruger Effect
达克效应
You probably think you're the best at something, but you might be off the mark(不正确的)! Scientists have found that the less you know about something, the more likely you are to think you're an expert in it. It happens a lot, so it's important to talk about this strange thing about how our minds work.
That is called the Dunning-Kruger Effect, named after two scientists—David Dunning and Justin Kruger. Back in the 1990s, they found that people short of skills or abilities were in the dark about their limitations(局限). It can happen in many areas of life. Whether it's telling jokes, solving problems, or using proper grammar, the pattern(模式) is the same: The less skilled you are, the more over-confident you are.
There's something called intellectual humility(智识谦逊). It means you don't think you're a big deal and still have things to learn. Elizabeth. J. Krumrei-Mancuso, an expert in psychology(心理学) at Pepperdine University, found that people who are willing to agree they don't know everything are better at understanding how smart they are.
Why is this information important in our everyday lives? A scientist named Tenelle Porter says that knowing about the Dunning-Kruger Effect can help us keep a low profile(低调) and learn new things. Recent studies show that people with more intellectual humility are better at compromising(妥协) and exploring(探索) new information. So, keep an open mind and accept that there's more to learn, and you can always pick up a thing or two!
(A) 1. What did David Dunning and Justin Kruger find?
A. People short of skills are over-confident.
B. People with more confidence are quite skilled.
C. People short of abilities show interest in learning.
D. Skilled people know little about their limitations.
(C) 2. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. The value of intellectual humility.
B. The history of intellectual humility.
C. The meaning of intellectual humility.
D. The development of intellectual humility.
(A) 3. What does the writer suggest in the last paragraph?
A. Keeping open-minded to learn more.
B. Exploring something new with passion.
C. Being confident to accept new things.
D. Picking up more skills with an open mind.
(D) 4. In which part of a magazine can we read the passage?
A. Culture. B. Nature. C. Technology. D. Science.

答案： 1. A 根据第二段中的“Back in the 1990s, they found that people short of skills or abilities were in the dark about their limitations.”和“... The less skilled you are, the more over-confident you are.”可知,两位科学家发现缺乏技能或者能力的人对自己的局限性一无所知,技能越低,越过于自信。故选 A。
2. C 通读第三段内容可知,智识谦逊是指觉得自己没有什么大不了的,智识谦逊的人也更善于理解自己的聪明程度。因此该段主要讲的是智识谦逊的含义。故选 C。
3. A 根据最后一段中的“So, keep an open mind and accept that there's more to learn, and you can always pick up a thing or two!”可知,作者建议保持开放的心态,接受还有更多东西要学的事实。故选 A。
4. D 通读全文内容可知,整篇文章讲述的是达克效应、智识谦逊的内容,属于一篇科普说明文,和人脑科学有关。因此这篇文章最有可能会出现在杂志的科学部分。故选 D。