《2025年高中必刷题高一英语必修第三册人教版》

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语篇类型：说明文 主题：大脑自我清洁功能 词数：336 难度：偏难 建议用时：8分钟
[河北石家庄二中2025高一期中]Deep sleep doesn’t just rest your body. Scientists believe it’s also when the brain washes away toxins (毒素), with a new project looking at whether the brain’s self-cleaning can be boosted.
South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI) neuroscientist Dr Tim Sargeant has teamed up with Dr Edward Robins from SAHMRI’s Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit to develop a brain scan that shows how well a brain is cleaning itself. Studies have shown that a clean brain would help with memory while fighting dementia (痴呆).
Scientists believe our brains clean themselves out each night when we enter deep sleep. Cerebrospinal fluid (脑脊液) is thought to wash through the brain, cleaning out toxins. Studies have shown a clear link between poor memory and toxins like the build-up of sticky plaque (粘性斑块) in the brain. Scientists believe brains that have a build-up of this plaque over time may not be cleaning themselves properly, putting people at risk of dementia.
Fortunately, the hope is that a clean brain would help with memory while fighting dementia. The brain scan will use special material to track how well the brain can keep itself clean and healthy through the process of removing and recycling its waste. “We’re aiming to catch the signs of the brain struggling to keep itself clean in individuals around the age of 50 or 60, well before the onset of Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默病) in most people,” Dr Sargeant said.
This new scan, an exciting imaging technology, will allow scientists to form a picture of a living brain and watch how it’s recycling waste materials in real time. “The scan removes a lot of the guesswork, by allowing scientists to see with their own eyes if they’ve hit the target or not,” Dr Robins said. “Without imaging technology, researchers can get all the way up to the trial stage before realising they’re at a dead end.”
1. What is the aim of Dr Sargeant and Dr Robins’ developing the brain scan?
A. To help people enter deep sleep.
B. To cure people of memory loss and dementia.
C. To research how to remove sticky plaque.
D. To track the brain’s self-cleaning capability.
2. What may cause dementia according to the text?
A. Not enough blood in the brain.
B. Too frequent cleaning of the brain.
C. The increase of cerebrospinal fluid.
D. The gradual increase of sticky plaque.
3. What does the underlined word “onset” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Beginning.
B. Improvement.
C. Worsening.
D. Disappearance.
4. What does Dr Robins think of the brain scan?
A. It brings more work.
B. It is just imaginary.
C. It is quite effective.
D. It is far from exact.

答案：
1 D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“... Dr Tim Sargeant has teamed up with Dr Edward Robins... to develop a brain scan that shows how well a brain is cleaning itself.”可知，蒂姆·萨金特博士与爱德华·罗宾斯博士合作研发脑部扫描技术是为了显示大脑自我清洁的效果，也就是追踪大脑的自我清洁能力。故选D项。
2 D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的a clear link between poor memory and toxins like the build-up of sticky plaque和“Scientists believe brains that have a build-up of this plaque over time may not be cleaning themselves properly, putting people at risk of dementia.”可知，记忆力不佳与大脑中粘性斑块等毒素的堆积之间有明显关联。粘性斑块的不断堆积可能意味着大脑的自我清洁功能出现异常，这会增加人们患痴呆症的风险。故选D项。
3 A 词义猜测题。根据第四段中的the hope is that a clean brain would help with memory while fighting dementia和“We’re aiming to catch the signs of the brain struggling to keep itself
clean in individuals around the age of 50 or 60, well before the onset of Alzheimer’s disease in most people”可知，保持大脑清洁可能成为改善记忆力、对抗痴呆症的新突破口，因此此处指科学家的目标是在大多数人患上阿尔茨海默病之前捕捉到大脑清洁功能衰退的早期迹象，由此猜测，onset的意思是“开始，发作”，与beginning意思相近。故选A项。
4 C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘The scan removes a lot of the guesswork, by allowing scientists to see with their own eyes if they’ve hit the target or not,’ Dr Robins said. ‘Without imaging technology, researchers can get all the way up to the trial stage before realising they’re at a dead end.’”可知，罗宾斯博士表示，脑部扫描技术消除了大量猜测，科学家们能直观判断研究是否达到了目标，如果没有这项技术，研究人员可能会一直到试验阶段才意识到自己走入了死胡同。由此表明，他认为这项大脑扫描技术非常有效。故选C项。