《2025年高中必刷题高一英语必修第三册人教版》

B
语篇类型:说明文 主题:不同文化中的“感激” 词数:326 难度:中 建议用时:7分钟
[安徽合肥2025教学质量检测]Among world languages, perhaps English places the highest value on the expressions of thanks, especially in formal and business settings. So it's logical that English speakers tend to conflate the expression of thankfulness with the feeling of thankfulness. If somebody doesn't say “thanks,” English speakers often think, he or she must not have been very grateful. And yet, in English, “thank you” gets used so frequently that it can easily start to feel like a habit.
But do we say “thank you” as much as we think in our casual interactions with family and friends? A new research paper titled *Universals and Cultural Diversity in the Expression of Gratitude* suggests that no, we do not.
The research team behind the paper looked for expressions of thankfulness in daily informal interactions across eight languages: English, Italian, Polish, Russian, Laotian, Cha'palaa, Murrinhpatha, and Siwu. The findings suggest the universal way in which thankfulness is expressed is not through giving thanks, but rather through participation in a social agreement in which mutual (相互的) assistance and collaboration are the norm. In fact, the practice of giving thanks seems to have little impact on the practice of mutual exchanges.
The practice of giving thanks also varies culturally. In India, for example, people—especially when they are your elders, relatives, or close friends—tend to feel that by thanking them, you're weakening your closeness to them and creating formality and distance that shouldn't exist. In contrast, in England, expressing thankfulness through words is seen as a positive enhancement of relationships, promoting goodwill and connections.
Nick Enfield, lead researcher of the study, hypothesises that most of the 6,000 to 7,000 world languages don't have a word for “thank you”. “When we consider the negative effects of thanking close friends alongside the fact that many languages are spoken in very small communities where speakers are likely to know each other, that claim starts to feel quite reasonable.”
1. What does the underlined word “conflate” in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Compare.
B. Replace.
C. Figure out.
D. Mix up.
2. How do people express thankfulness universally according to the study?
A. By saying thanks directly.
B. By making social agreements.
C. By using body language.
D. By helping and cooperating.
3. How do Indians view the practice of giving thanks to relatives?
A. It weakens their bond.
B. It reduces their social distance.
C. It enhances their connection.
D. It promotes their mutual trust.
4. What does Nick Enfield imply in the last paragraph?
A. Many cultures do not emphasise thankfulness.
B. Thankfulness might not be expressed in words.
C. Small communities prefer to thank close friends.
D. The negative effects of thanking people should be avoided.

答案： 1.D 词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“So it’s logical that English speakers tend to conflate the expression of thankfulness with the feeling of thankfulness.”和“If somebody doesn’t say ‘thanks,’ English speakers often think, he or she must not have been very grateful.”故可推知，conflate 意思是“混淆，混为一谈”，与Mix up意思相近。故选D项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The findings suggest the universal way in which thankfulness is expressed is not through giving thanks... in which mutual assistance and collaboration are the norm.”可知，普遍表达感激的方式是通过相互帮助和合作。故选D项。
3.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In India, for example, people—especially when they are your elders, relatives, or close friends—tend to feel that by thanking them, you’re weakening your closeness to them and creating formality and distance that shouldn’t exist.”可知，印度人认为向亲戚表示感谢会削弱他们之间的联系。故选A项。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，尼克·恩菲尔德表示，很多语言中没有“谢谢”这个词，结合前文提到的不同文化中表达感谢的方式不同可推断出，感激之情可能不是通过语言来表达的。故选B项。
长难句分析
The findings suggest the universal way in which thankfulness is 省略that 的宾语从句，其中包含in which引导的定语从句和not... but... 连接的并列结构
expressed is not through giving thanks, but rather through participation in a social agreement in which mutual assistance in which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词social agreement
and collaboration are the norm.
句意：研究结果表明，表达感激之情的普遍方式并不是通过“说谢谢”，而是通过参与一种社会契约，在这种契约中，互相帮助与合作成为常态。