《2025年高中必刷题高一英语必修第三册人教版》

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语篇类型:说明文 主题:太空垃圾 词数:299 难度:中 建议用时:7分钟
[山东省实验中学2024高一月考]In 1957, the Space Age began with the launch of Sputnik 1, the first man-made satellite. Since then, the number of objects humans have launched into the universe has risen to the thousands. As these objects complete their missions or become inoperable (无法使用的), they are left in orbit and will crash into one another, creating numerous floating pieces. Data show the number of space junk around Earth—from satellites to screws—could reach the millions.
Most of the junk sits within around 2,000 kilometres of Earth's surface in what is known as the low Earth orbit, home to lots of satellites, such as NASA's Earth Observing System fleet. While space is big, a crash into space junk as small as 1 centimetre can be problematic for active earth orbiters because of their dangerously fast speeds. And the possible risk can force spacecraft to be redirected, disrupting pre-planned procedures like spacewalks. These satellites have to move out of the way of all the space junk to make sure they don't get hit and damaged or destroyed.
One possible solution? “Apply ideas of green sustainability (可持续性) to the companies and governments that do the launching,” says Danielle Wood, an assistant professor of aeronautics and astronautics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The effort begins with the Space Sustainability Rating (SSR), a system that measures many aspects of launching agencies, such as crash preparedness, information sharing and future junk reductions. One company has already applied for and received a certification (证书) using SSR. The original rating was bronze, the lowest of four possible ratings.
“Our first rating was low, but in some ways, it means there's room for improvement,” says Wood. For her, the first rating is simply the entry point for an ongoing conversation with outside companies in the space industry. A company's rating is changeable based on their ongoing missions and efforts. The goal is to make companies shoulder the social responsibility of being major players influencing the future of space exploration and technology.
1. Which source of space junk is mentioned in the text?
A. Waste from doing experiments in space.
B. The crash between inactive spacecraft.
C. The sudden burst of man-made satellites.
D. Waste produced by astronauts living in space.
2. What problem may space junk cause according to the author?D
A. Blocking satellite services.
B. Breaking Earth's orbits.
C. Polluting Earth's atmosphere.
D. Affecting space exploration activities.
3. What does the SSR system mainly do?
A. Design junk-free paths for spacecraft.
B. Grow green plants in the space environment.
C. Provide space junk monitoring services for governments.
D. Evaluate sustainable practices of launching organisations.
4. What is Danielle Wood's attitude towards the first rating of SSR?
A. Worried.
B. Uninterested.
C. Positive.
D. Disappointed.

答案： 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空垃圾的增多对于人类太空探索活动的影响以及为减少太空垃圾提出的对策。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As these objects complete their missions or become inoperable, they are left in orbit and will crash into one another, creating numerous floating pieces.”可知，停止运转的航天器之间的碰撞会产生太空垃圾。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“And the possible risk can force spacecraft to be redirected, disrupting pre-planned procedures like spacewalks. These satellites have to move out of the way of all the space junk to make sure they don’t get hit and damaged or destroyed.”可知，太空垃圾可能会影响太空探索活动。故选 D 项。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The effort begins with the Space Sustainability Rating (SSR), a system that measures many aspects of launching agencies, such as crash preparedness, information sharing and future junk reductions.”可知，这一系统可以用来评估发射机构的多个方面，如碰撞准备程度、信息共享和未来的太空垃圾减少，这些是可持续性实践的一部分。故选 D 项。
4.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，伍德认为空间可持续性评级的首次评级虽然低，但这意味着有改进的空间，这样做的目的是让相关公司承担起相应的社会责任，因此她的态度是积极的。故选 C 项。