《2025年高中必刷题高一英语必修第三册人教版》

B
语篇类型:说明文 主题:道德故事的作用 词数:394 难度:偏难 建议用时:8分钟
[辽宁大连 2024 期末]Stories have long been employed to instil (逐渐灌输) moral and cultural values in young children, but there is little research exploring the effectiveness of such stories.
Moral stories praising a character's honesty is more effective in making children tell the truth than those stressing the negative impacts of lying, according to a study. "As parents, we want to know how effective the stories actually are in promoting honesty," says co-author Victoria Talwar of McGill University. "Is it 'in one ear, out the other,' or do children listen and take the messages to heart?"
To find out, the researchers conducted an experiment with 268 children aged 3 to 7. Each child played a game that involved guessing the identity of a toy based on the sound it made. In the middle of the game, the experimenter left the room for a minute, instructing the child not to glance at the toy left on the table. For most children, this temptation (诱惑) was too hard to resist. When the experimenter returned, she read the child a story, either The Tortoise and the Hare, The Boy Who Cried Wolf, Pinocchio, or George Washington and the Cherry Tree. Afterwards, the experimenter asked the child to tell the truth about whether he or she glanced at the toy.
Contrary to the experimenters' expectations, Pinocchio and The Boy Who Cried Wolf, which associate lying with negative consequences, were no more effective at promoting honest behaviour than a fable unrelated to honesty, as is the case with The Tortoise and the Hare. Only the made-up tale about young George Washington seemed to inspire the kids to admit glancing: Children who heard the tale in which the future first president was complimented because of admitting his mistake and rewarded with a candy were three times more likely to tell the truth than their fellows who heard other stories.
"Our study shows that in promoting moral behaviour such as honesty, emphasising the positive outcomes of honesty rather than the negative consequences of dishonesty is the key," note the researchers. "This may apply to other moral behaviours as well."
They also warn that more research is necessary to determine whether moral stories influence kids' behaviour in the long term. Still, they have been quick to take advantage of the findings. Talwar reports a shift in her own parenting practices: "It really seems to work. I use this now with my child."
1. What is the aim of the experiment mentioned in the text?
A. To find out which story is instructive at school.
B. To test if the children can resist the temptation.
C. To see the effectiveness of stories in promoting honesty.
D. To ensure the precision in guessing the identity of the toy.
2. What does the underlined word "complimented" in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Criticised.
B. Praised.
C. Ignored.
D. Respected.
3. What does Talwar mean in the last paragraph?
A. She will apply the findings to her child.
B. Her child shows a strong interest in moral stories.
C. Her parents have changed their way of education.
D. She perceives the positive influence of the findings.
4. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. The cultivation of moral values for children.
B. A new method of children's moral education.
C. The importance of moral education to children.
D. The impact of moral stories on children's moral values.

答案： 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员就道德故事是否会培养孩子的诚实行为而进行的实验。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段内容及第二段中的“As parents, we want to know how effective the stories actually are in promoting honesty”可知，文章中提到的实验是为了研究道德故事在培养诚实方面的有效性。故选C项。
2.B 词义猜测题。根据下文的because of admitting his mistake and rewarded with a candy可知，在这个虚构的故事中，未来的第一位总统因承认错误而被奖励一块糖果。由此可知，画线词意为“称赞”，和B项意思接近。故选B项。
3.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容和最后一段中的“Talwar reports a shift in her own parenting practices: ‘It really seems to work. I use this now with my child.’”可知，她意识到了研究发现的积极影响。故选D项。
4.D 主旨大意题。根据文章第一、二段并结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项旨在探究道德故事对儿童道德教育的有效性的研究，下文围绕这项研究介绍了研究的内容、实验过程以及结论，研究发现强调诚实的积极结果的道德故事在塑造儿童的道德观念方面更有效，由此可知，本文主要探究了道德故事对儿童道德观念的影响。故选D项。
方法总结 如何归纳说明文的主旨大意
一般来说，说明文都有中心段,每段也会有主题句。说明文的中心段一般为首段，有时也会在末尾段。在归纳一篇说明文的主旨大意或选择最佳标题时，首先要了解文章结构，找到中心段来判断整篇文章的主旨大意;如果没有明确的中心段，可以找到每段的中心句，以此判断文章的主旨大意。