《2025年高中必刷题高一英语必修第三册人教版》

B
语篇类型:议论文 主题:“道德滑坡”问题 词数:372 难度:偏难 建议用时:8分钟
[湖北武汉中学2025高一月考]One thing that many Americans can agree on, even in an era of deep political polarisation, is that America is in a moral free fall. In survey after survey, US adults of all ages, education levels, political or religious backgrounds say that people are less kind, honest, generous, and respectful than they used to be. So is America's moral foundation falling apart?
Not necessarily. In fact, two psychologists, Adam Mastroianni and Daniel Gilbert, say that the widespread belief in moral decline is a misconception. They recently conducted a meta-analysis of all the major surveys that asked Americans about the state of moral values in this country and they found that US residents have been complaining about one another's declining morality for as long as researchers seek their opinions on the matter. And yet when individual respondents are asked multiple times, over the span of a decade or more, to describe the level of politeness and kindness they observe in their fellow citizens, their descriptions of other people's attitudes and behaviour do not actually worsen at all.
Mastroianni and Gilbert, whose paper appears in the journal _Nature_, say the results of similar surveys conducted in dozens of other countries over the decades suggest that people all over the world are prone to be influenced by the misconception that their peers are less moral than they once were. They say that this misconception is likely explained by two well-established psychological phenomena acting together: that we tend to pay closer attention to negative rather than positive information about people's actions in the present day; and that we tend to selectively forget such negative impressions as the years roll on, leaving us with nostalgia (怀旧) for the past.
Mastroianni and Gilbert also say that their discovery has important social and political implications (可能的影响), especially given that, as one 2015 survey found, three quarters of all Americans believe that addressing the moral breakdown of the country should be a high priority for the government. “The United States faces many well-documented problems, from climate change to economic inequality—and yet, it is believed that the government should devote scarce resources to reversing (扭转) an imaginary trend,” say the two psychologists.
1. What is the function of the first paragraph?
A. To provide a review of American society.
B. To present contrasting viewpoints on moral decline.
C. To introduce the topic of moral decline in American society.
D. To discuss the method of psychological research on moral decline.
2. What is the main argument presented by Mastroianni and Gilbert in their research?
A. The morality of American society seems to be on a rapid rise.
B. American citizens' belief in declining morality is a false idea.
C. The moral breakdown has already been a long-term issue in America.
D. American society has realised its own misconception about moral decline.
3. According to the passage, what is the reason for the widespread belief in moral decline?
A. Negative descriptions of morality from peers.
B. Selective memories of previous impressions.
C. Lack of government involvement in moral issues.
D. The mixed influence of psychological phenomena.
4. What does Mastroianni and Gilbert's research imply on social and political views?
A. Americans should attach more importance to global issues.
B. Americans should help the government reverse the moral decline.
C. Addressing the imaginary moral breakdown should not be a top priority.
D. The government resources should be focused on addressing the moral decline.

答案： 1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，本段首先指出许多美国人认为美国正处于“道德滑坡”，并以问句引出“美国社会是否存在‘道德滑坡’”这一话题，为下文的相关研究作铺垫。故本段的作用是引入美国社会“道德滑坡”这一话题。
分点：在议论文中，有时作者会在第一段提出问题，通常起到以下两个作用：引出主题和引起读者的阅读兴趣。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Not necessarily. In fact, two psychologists, Adam Mastroianni and Daniel Gilbert, say that the widespread belief in moral decline is a misconception.”可知，这两位心理学家称大众普遍认为当今美国社会存在“道德滑坡”是一种错误观念。故选B项。
3.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They say that this misconception is likely explained by two well-established psychological phenomena acting together... for the past.”可知，造成人们普遍认为美国社会处于“道德滑坡”这种错误观念的原因是两种心理现象的共同作用。故选D项。
4.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，四分之三的美国人认为解决国家的“道德滑坡”问题应该是政府的首要任务。然而吉尔伯特和马斯特罗扬尼认为“道德滑坡”是一种错误的观念，由此可推知，在美国面临许多问题的情况下，把匮乏的资源用于扭转这一虚构的趋势是不合理的，即他们的研究表明解决虚构的“道德滑坡”问题不应是首要任务。故选C项。
干扰项解读
A.美国人应该更加重视全球性问题。原文提到美国正面临的问题，如气候变化和经济不平等，但它们不一定都是“全球性”问题，A项表述跑偏。
B.美国人应该帮助政府扭转“道德滑坡”。与原文观点冲突，B项错误。
D.政府资源应集中用于应对“道德滑坡”问题。很多学生只看到D项和最后一段第一句中的表述相同就盲目选择该项，忽视了本文的主要观点，即“道德滑坡”是一种错误的观念；根据最后一段中的“The United States faces many... scarce resources to reversing an imaginary trend”可知，此处是反对将资源集中用于扭转“道德滑坡”。
长难句分析
Mastroianni and Gilbert also say that their discovery has important social and political implications, especially given that, 宾语从句的句子主干
主语 谓语
given that, 引导原因状语从句
as one 2015 survey found, three quarters of all Americans 插入语
原因状语从句，其中包括一个由that引导的宾语从句，作believe的宾语
believe that addressing the moral breakdown of the country should be a high priority for the government 宾语从句.
句意：马斯特罗扬尼和吉尔伯特还表示，他们的发现具有重要的社会和政治意义，尤其是考虑到2015年的一项调查显示，四分之三的美国人认为解决美国的“道德滑坡”问题应是政府的首要任务。