《2025年高中必刷题高一英语必修第三册人教版》

B
语篇类型：说明文
主题：金钱与诚信
词数：355
难度：中
建议用时：7分钟
[福建福州六校2024高一期末联考] Imagine you found a wallet containing a stranger's contact details but no cash. Would you return it to its owner? Now imagine the same wallet contained a few banknotes. Would that change your response? Does it depend on the amount of money? And how do you think other people would react?
Honesty makes the world go round. Without people trusting in one another, society would fall apart. Honesty is therefore studied academically. Most work in the area, though, takes place under controlled conditions in labs, often featuring well-off and well-educated Westerners as its subjects. By contrast, Alain Cohn of the University of Michigan and his colleagues have taken such behavioural economics around the world, covering 40 countries, 355 cities and more than 17,000 people.
As the team reported in *Science*, Dr Cohn's research assistants entered public buildings. They handed in a wallet to a receptionist, saying they had found it on the street outside. Each wallet contained contact details. Importantly, some wallets also included $13.45, while some had no cash. Then, the team simply waited to see who would return the wallet.In 38 of the 40 countries, the wallets with money in them were returned more often than those without (51% vs 40%). In addition, wallets containing a larger sum of money ($94.15) were even more likely (by about another 10%) to be returned than those with less.
With greater temptation (诱惑), then, comes greater honesty—at least when it comes to lost wallets. Interestingly, though, such honesty is not reflected in people's expectations of others. When surveyed, most of 299 volunteers predicted that the more money there was in a wallet, the less likely it would be returned.
A certain doubt about the motives of others is probably good for survival. But the warm inner thought of "doing the right thing" is also a powerful motivator. How this altruism developed is much debated—particularly when it extends, as in Dr Cohn's experiments, to strangers whom the altruist has no expectation of ever meeting. Be that as it may, as this study shows, such altruism is real and universal.
1. How is Alain Cohn's research different from the previous?
A. It was carried out in controlled situations.
B. More scientists participated in the research.
C. It covered varied subjects and backgrounds.
D. It took no account of well-educated Westerners.
2. What can we learn from the research?
A. The rate of honesty varies among countries.
B. People prefer returning wallets without money.
C. The less money in a wallet, the higher rate of returning.
D. Wallets with more money are more likely to be given back.
3. What can be inferred from paragraph 5?
A. Others are more honest than we expect.
B. People tend to expect honesty from others.
C. More money always means greater honesty.
D. Most people lose honesty facing great temptation.
4. What does the underlined word "altruism" in the last paragraph mean?
A. The motivation for survival.
B. The concern for others' needs.
C. The doubt about others' motivations.
D. The understanding of people's doubt.

答案： 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,文章主要介绍了科恩博士进行了一项研究,试图探究人们的诚信度。研究表明,人们的诚信是真实而普遍存在的。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“By contrast, Alain Cohn of the University of Michigan and his colleagues have taken such behavioural economics around the world, covering 40 countries, 355 cities and more than 17,000 people.”可知,相比之下,科恩博士的研究与以往不同,他的研究涵盖了更多样化的研究对象和背景,覆盖面更广。故选 C项。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In 38 of the 40 countries, the wallets with money in them were returned more often than those without (51% vs 40%). In addition, wallets containing a larger sum of money (94.15) were even more likely (by about another 10%) to be returned than those with less.”可知,研究表明,钱包里的钱越多,就越有可能被归还。故选 D项。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Interestingly, though, such honesty is not reflected in people’s expectations of others. When surveyed, most of 299 volunteers predicted that the more money there was in a wallet, the less likely it would be returned.”可知,他人的诚信度并没有如人们所期望的那样(低),在调查中,大多数人预测钱包里的钱越多,就越不可能被归还,而实际却不是这样,所以他人比我们期望的要更诚实。故选 A项。
4.B 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“particularly when it extends, as in Dr Cohn’s experiments, to strangers whom the altruist has no expectation of ever meeting”以及“Be that as it may, as this study shows, such altruism is real and universal.”可知,人们对 altruism 是如何发展而来的争论不休,尤其是当它延伸到可能永远都不会遇见的陌生人身上时,正如这一研究显示的,altruism 是真实存在且普遍的,这一研究表明大部分人还会给陌生人他们的钱包,因此结合选项可知,altruism 指的是人们的无私,即对他人的需要的关心。故选 B项。