《2025年一本英语五合一必刷题高中人教版》

As people around the world swelter in rising heat, spare a thought for those living in city centers, where research has found that temperatures can be considerably higher than in surrounding rural areas. This phenomenon is known as the urban heat island (UHI) effect, where concrete buildings and infrastructure(基础设施) like roads absorb, keep and radiate more heat than green areas, leading to temperatures that are often several degrees Celsius higher.
Nonprofit Climate Central separately studied 44 cities and found that more than half of the residents analyzed lived in areas with a UHI index(指数) of 4.5 ℃ or higher. This means, for example, that on a day when temperatures in a park outside a city are 32.2 ℃, it would feel like 36.7 ℃ or higher for downtown residents.
From buildings to roads, urban infrastructure has been designed with materials that make cities warmer. Unlike concrete, grass and trees absorb less heat and release more water into the air. Emissions from buildings that use air conditioning also contribute to the heat, as do vehicles.
Heat can feel worse from one neighborhood to another due to how the areas are designed—often having a worse impact on lower - income households. This is because such homes are often located in densely populated areas with limited green spaces, where families struggle to pay the energy bills needed to cool their houses.
Exposure to urban heat islands was linked to about 4.3 percent of summer deaths in 93 European cities in 2015. Urgent action is needed in cities to prevent heat - related illnesses and deaths.
“Trees take 50 years to grow and reach their potential. It is not only important to think on strategies to increase the number of trees, but also on how to care for the ones we already have,” said Tamara Iungman, a researcher at the Barcelona Institute for Global Health. Other options include installing(设置) cool spaces in cities with shade and water fountains, as well as green roofs—covered vegetation—or painting them white to better reflect sunlight.
8. Which of the following can best replace the underlined words “swelter in” in the first paragraph?
A. suffer from
B. talk about
C. look into
D. cheer for
9. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. Materials used in infrastructure in cities.
B. Sources of emissions released in cities.
C. Factors contributing to the UHI effect.
D. Ways to cool buildings in cities down.
10. What is a measure to help fight against the UHI effect?
A. Painting roofs white.
B. Banning building tall buildings.
C. Installing advanced air conditioners.
D. Replacing trees with grass.
11. What is the best title for the text?
A. Will the UHI Effect Last Long?
B. Will Urban Infrastructure Be Improved?
C. Global Warming Is Worsening in Cities
D. The UHI Effect Is Making Cities Dangerously Warm

答案： 8.A　词义猜测题。根据第一段中画线部分后的“city centers, where research has found that temperatures can be considerably higher than in surrounding rural areas”可知，研究发现，城市中心的温度可能比周边农村地区要高得多，由此引出了城市热岛效应的概念。再结合语境可知，画线词所在部分指当世界各地的人在不断升温的酷热中煎熬时，故swelter in可由suffer from代替，指世界各地的人遭受高温天气。
9.C　段落大意题。通读第三段可知，从建筑物到道路，城市基础设施的设计都使用了使城市更温暖的材料。与混凝土不同，草和树吸收的热量更少，向空气中释放的水分更多。使用空调系统的建筑物和车辆排放的废气也会增加热量。因此，该段介绍的是造成城市热岛效应的原因。
10.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Other options include installing cool spaces in cities with shade and water fountains, as well as green roofs... or painting them white to better reflect sunlight.”可知，将房顶涂成白色有助于更好地反射阳光，从而降低城市热岛效应的影响。
11.D　标题概括题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了城市热岛效应的概念、成因、危害以及应对措施等，故D项“城市热岛效应正在使城市变得极热”是本文最佳标题。