《2025年通城学典组合训练八年级英语全一册人教版辽宁专版》

A
KEY→P6
范畴:人与自然
主题:自然科学
体裁:说明文
难度:★★★★
建议用时:8分钟
评价:____/4

Recently, scientists have already found out how and why earthquakes happen.
Long ago, people believed that the Earth was solid, but today, scientists know that the Earth is made up of layers.
The centre of the Earth is called the core. The core is very hot. The inner core is a solid ball made of iron, and the outer core is made of iron that can flow(流动) slowly.
The mantle(地幔) around the core is made of very hot rock. The lower part of the mantle is soft and can move very slowly. The mantle makes up most of the Earth.
The top layer of the Earth is called the crust(地壳), and is made of rock. It is the thinnest of all the Earth's layers. It is thinnest under the sea and much thicker under the land.

The crust and the upper part of the mantle are made up of very big, plate-like pieces of rock that move slowly on the lower part of the mantle. Most of the time, they are moving so slowly that people cannot feel the movement.
These big pieces of rock are called tectonic plates(构造板块). They are in different sizes, and each one has a name. When the plates meet, they can move to different directions, go past each other, or push against each other until part of one plate is under the other.
The movements of the plates make the Earth's cover break. These broken places are called faults(断层). Some faults are easy to see. Most faults don't move, but the plates keep moving slowly. Over time, this causes stress(压力) in the rocks.
When the stress is too much for the rocks, they break suddenly along the fault. This kind of shaking runs out in all directions, and makes the ground shake. This is an earthquake, and it is why most earthquakes happen near the sides of tectonic plates.
(C)1. How many layers are there in the Earth according to the text?
A. 2.
B. 3.
C. 4.
D. 5.
(B)2. The sentences “I am now in the deep Earth. After going through the layer made of hot rock, I found hot iron around me flowing softly like water.” are describing ____.
A. the inner core
B. the outer core
C. the mantle
D. the crust
(B)3. What does “they” in Paragraph 6 refer to?
A. Layers of the Earth.
B. Big and plate-like pieces of rock.
C. The lower part of the mantle.
D. The upper part of the mantle.
(D)4. Which is the main idea of the passage?
A. What an earthquake is.
B. Reasons for earthquakes.
C. Movements of tectonic plates.
D. How and why earthquakes happen.

答案： 1.C 2.B 3.B 4.D