《2025年金考卷名师名题单元双测卷高中英语必修第三册译林版》

C
The 2005 hurricane season included a record-breaking 27 named storms — including Katrina, among the costliest hurricanes in American history. The season shocked Americans and forecasters (预测者) alike. Scientists across the country immediately began to ask how to improve forecasts.
To solve the problem, scientists knew they should model the storms and the weather causing them. They'd also need better observations — from satellites, the atmosphere around the storm or from the ocean's surface. And they'd need the raw computing power to combine them all together. In 2007, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) introduced the Hurricane Forecast Improvement Program (HFIP) that gathered together NOAA scientists and researchers from universities and national laboratories. In 2009, it set a goal: to make forecasts of hurricane tracks and intensity (强度) 50% better within a decade. "The goal was challenging and it was a team effort," says Gabriel Vecchi, a hurricane and climate scientist.
How exactly they would achieve it was another question. NOAA kicked off a project to develop a new high-power computing system to create better weather models. To give the models real-time information, hurricane hunter planes and several different microwave-focused satellites were being used.
By 2023, forecast accuracy (准确性) of hurricane tracks improved by 50%. As for intensity, the improvements were similarly impressive. Errors in intensity forecasts dropped by 56% from 2007 to 2023. By 2021, the National Hurricane Center improved its ability to forecast rapid intensification by about 25% over the center's mid-2010s performance.
The improvements in hurricane science since 2005 have been huge. Better forecasts, in turn, save the country billions of dollars every time a storm makes landfall, according to a 2024 analysis. But the work is far from over. HFIP gave itself new goals in 2017. It now aims to create functional models of a storm's inner core, critical to an accurate forecast.
"The big improvements make a clear point," says another scientist. "Funding works. If our government wants a better forecast, it should fund the research. If that stops, the progress will stop too."
28. What contributed to the foundation of HFIP?
A. The improved and advanced laboratories.
B. The recent development of weather satellites.
C. The frequently damaging hurricanes in 2005.
D. The high and demanding standards of NOAA.
29. What do the data in paragraph 4 show?
A. Results are mostly uncertain.
B. Accuracy has improved greatly.
C. Observations are still undependable.
D. Prediction methods are now perfect.
30. Why does the author mention the 2024 analysis in paragraph 5?
A. To prove HFIP's success.
B. To show storm frequency.
C. To further forecasting goals.
D. To compare forecasting systems.
31. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. The government is satisfied with HFIP's work.
B. Scientists should focus on rapid intensification.
C. Government funds should prioritize useful tools.
D. Hurricane science needs continuous financial support.

答案： 28. C 细节理解题。结合前两段可知，2005年破纪录的飓风季震惊了美国人和预测者，这直接促使全国科学家立即开始寻求改进预测的方法并最终促成了HFIP的建立。
29. B 推理判断题。第四段通过一系列具体数据展示了HFIP的成果：到2023年，飓风路径预测准确率提高了50%；强度预测误差从2007年到2023年下降了56%；到2021年，预测快速增强的能力比2010年代中期提高了约25%。所有这些数据都共同说明了一个核心事实：预测的准确性得到了巨大提升。
30. A 推理判断题。根据第五段可知，2024年的一项分析表明更好的预测在每次风暴登陆时能为国家节省数十亿美元。这紧接在“飓风科学的改进是巨大的”这一论点之后，证明HFIP项目取得的巨大成功和其带来的巨大价值。
31. D 推理判断题。最后一段中的科学家认为HFIP的改进证明了资助有效。如果政府想要更好的预测，就应该为研究提供资金支持。如果资助停止，进步也会停止。这表明飓风科学研究的进步依赖于持续的财政支持。