《2025年实验班全程提优训练高中英语选择性必修第二册外研版》

第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分,满分 12.5 分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
During the cool months from October to March, camel caravans (骆驼车队) arrive in the desert city of Timbuktu (廷巴克图) every few days. Led by Tuareg and Arab traders, the caravans have travelled from the salt mines of Taoudenni in Mali. 36 Long ago people in the deserts of Africa could not get it easily. Salt was so valuable that 1 ounce of salt was worth 1 ounce of gold.
Nowadays, each salt caravan has from 60 to 300 camels. Each camel carries four to six bars of salt. The journey from the mines to Timbuktu takes 15 days. 37
At Taoudenni, salt is mined from ancient lake-beds that dried up millions of years ago. The mines lie deep below the Earth’s surface and are reached by tunnels. Large blocks of salt are dug out and then cut into small blocks above ground. 38 The local people of the Bella and Haratin groups do the work. However, their wages are so low that they are treated little better than slaves.
39 Here the salt is sold and carried downriver to other parts of West Africa. So Timbuktu is an important meeting place for the desert travellers. It was also once a centre of education, with schools and a university that drew scholars from all of the world.
Trucks are taking the place of camels carrying salt. One truck can carry hundreds of bars of salt. And a truck can make the 900-mile round trip in about a week. 40
A. Mining salt is a very hard job.
B. Traders are familiar with the mines there.
C. Something bad happens to the camels on the way.
D. The days of the camel caravans are coming to an end.
E. It is a trade that has not changed in thousands of years.
F. To avoid the hot sun, the caravans travel only at night.
G. Timbuktu is near a river at the crossroad of three trade routes.
36. E
37. F
38. A
39. G
40. D

答案： 36.E 根据上文“Led by Tuareg and Arab traders，the caravans have travelled from the salt mines of Taoudenni in Mali.”可知，E项中的“It”指代前句中“the caravans have travelled from the salt mines of Taoudenni in Mali”，承接上文。故选E。
37.F 根据上文“Nowadays，each salt caravan has from 60 to 300 camels. Each camel carries four to six bars of salt. The journey from the mines to Timbuktu takes 15 days.”可知，本段主要介绍骆驼车队的运行方式，F项中的“travel only at night”符合本段对骆驼车队运行方式的介绍，符合语境。故选F。
38.A 根据上文“The mines lie deep below the Earth's surface and are reached by tunnels. Large blocks of salt are dug out and then cut into small blocks above ground.”以及下文“However，their wages are so low that they are treated little better than slaves.”可知，A项中的“very hard job”与“treated little better than slaves”和“The mines lie deep below the Earth's surface”形成了语境上的呼应，对盐矿开采难度进行了概括。故选A。
39.G 根据下文“Here the salt is sold and carried downriver to other parts of West Africa.”可知G项中的“near a river”与下文“downriver”相呼应，符合语境。故选G。
40.D 根据上文“Trucks are taking the place of camels carrying salt.”可知，D项中的“camel caravans are coming to an end”与“taking the place of camels”形成呼应结构，符合语境。故选D。

第三部分 语言运用(共两节,满分 30 分)
第一节(2025·上海中学月考)(共 15 小题；每小题 1 分,满分 15 分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
新情境 People who live in cities are starting to get a lot more information to help plan their daily lives. Smarter City systems are telling residents about traffic jams, the time the next bus will arrive, the 41 for flooding, and other useful updates.
This is happening because cities are 42 the streams of information from sensors to manage urban systems better. The number of 43 like these sensors reached 50 billion in 2020. Cities are 44 systems of systems that have always generated vast amounts of information. Information flowing in from many small subsystems, such as local flood catch-basins, is integrated with other 45 to provide guidance on the overall operation of a city. This integrated data, from such systems of systems, is then given to city administrators in useful formats that can change 46 for the better.
47 , in many cities, the coming population growth will challenge even the most skilled city managers, and the old infrastructure of many such cities is not equipped with the ability to gather the data needed to 48 city operations. Despite the seeming 49 of data gathering infrastructure, another option exists considering the shift from desktop computing to mobile devices and tablets.
Mobile technology has 50 dramatically in the past decade to the point where a lightweight smartphone may gather all kinds of data, such as its location, local temperature and background noise levels. Furthermore, in the near future, additional 51 are easily imagined, where sensors will be able to detect chemical pollution, local lighting conditions, vibration levels, and more.
This will enable a new era where citizens are able to participate in city management, where the very data required to improve city operations is in part 52 provided by its citizens via smartphone apps.
It also raises complex 53 issues that must be dealt with as we face this new era, but similarly provides opportunities for the citizens to play an active role in the improvement of their 54 , not only in the reporting of critical environmental and transportation data, but in taking an active role in solving the problems they have encountered.
It will be a(n) 55 and informed effort, with information technology enabling social transformation, to address the growing challenges facing our cities in the coming decades.
41. A. reason
B. potential
C. hope
D. occasion (B)
42. A. upgrading
B. enlarging
C. altering
D. employing (D)
43. A. systems
B. applications
C. devices
D. guides (C)
44. A. identical
B. complex
C. reduced
D. recycling (B)
45. A. sources
B. users
C. overseers
D. means (A)
46. A. city living
B. urban planning
C. traffic flow
D. basic facilities (A)
47. A. Therefore
B. Besides
C. However
D. Thus (C)
48. A. guide
B. apply
C. advise
D. order (A)
49. A. specialty
B. need
C. decrease
D. lack (D)
50. A. decreased
B. reformed
C. advanced
D. increased (C)
51. A. talents
B. capabilities
C. qualities
D. performances (B)
52. A. accidentally
B. surprisingly
C. willingly
D. determinedly (C)
53. A. confidential
B. efficiency
C. biological
D. social (D)
54. A. community
B. performance
C. unity
D. recreation (A)
55. A. cost-effective
B. unconscious
C. demanding
D. cooperative (D)

答案： 41.B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“智慧城市”系统会告诉居民交通拥堵情况、下一辆公交车到达的时间、洪水的可能性以及其他有用的更新。A. reason原因；B. potential可能性；C. hope希望；D. occasion场合。根据“People who live in cities are starting to get a lot more information to help plan their daily lives.”和“Smarter City systems are telling residents about traffic jams，the time the next bus will arrive”可知，“智慧城市”系统给居民提供一些预告信息，帮助规划他们的日常生活。所以，此处应该指的是发生洪水的可能性。故选B。
42.D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个的发生是因为城市正在利用来自传感器的信息流来更好地管理城市系统。A. upgrading升级；B. enlarging扩大；C. altering改变；D. employing利用。根据下文的“the streams of information from sensors to manage urban systems better”可知，此处指的是利用来自传感器的信息流来管理城市系统。故选D。
43.C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：到2020年，像这些传感器设备的数量达到了500亿。A. systems系统；B. applications应用；C. devices设备；D. guides指南。根据下文的“these sensors”可知，此处指的是设备的数量。故选C。
44.B 考查形容词/名词词义辨析。句意：城市是系统中的复杂系统，总是产生大量的信息。A. identical完全相同的；B. complex复杂的；C. reduced减少的；D. recycling回收。根据常识和下文的“that have always generated vast amounts of information”和“Information flowing in from many small subsystems”可知，城市系统是复杂的。故选B。
45.A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从许多小型子系统（例如，当地的洪水流域）流入的信息与其他来源相结合，为城市的整体运行提供指导。A. sources来源；B. users用户；C. overseers监督人；D. means方法，手段。根据上文的“Information flowing in from many small subsystems，such as local flood catch-basins”和空前的“other”可知，此处指的是其他信息来源。故选A。
46.A 考查名词短语辨析。句意：这个来自这些系统中的系统综合数据然后以有用的形式提供给城市管理者，从而使城市生活变得更好。A. city living城市生活；B. urban planning城市规划；C. traffic flow交通流量；D. basic facilities 基础设施。根据空前的“city administrators”和“in useful formats”可知，城市管理者利用这些数据，肯定会让城市生活变得更好。故选A。
47.C 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在许多城市，即将到来的人口增长将挑战即使是最熟练的城市管理者，而许多这类城市的旧基础设施不具备收集指导城市运营所需数据的能力。A. Therefore因此；B. Besides而且，另外；C. However但是，然而；D. Thus因此。下文的内容与上一段的最后一句是转折关系，所以用however。故选C。
48.A 考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. guide指导；B. apply申请；C. advise建议；D. order命令。根据上一段中的“Information flowing in from many small subsystems，such as local flood catch-basins，is integrated with other 45 to provide guidance on the overall operation of a city.”可知，收集的信息是为城市的运行提供指导的。故选A。
49.D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管似乎缺乏数据收集基础设施，考虑到从桌面计算机到移动设备和平板电脑的转变，另一个选择是存在的。A. specialty特产；B. need需要；C. decrease减少；D. lack缺乏。根据上文的“the old infrastructure of many such cities is not equipped with the ability to gather the data”可知，很多城市缺乏数据收集基础设施。故选D。
50.C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：移动技术在过去十年里取得了巨大的进步，一个轻量级的智能手机可以收集各种数据，比如位置、当地温度和背景噪声水平。A. decreased减少；B. reformed改革；C. advanced发展，进步；D. increased增加。根据下文的“where a lightweight smartphone may gather all kinds of data，such as its location，local temperature and background noise levels”可知，一个轻量级的智能手机能有这些功能肯定是因为技术的进步。故选C。
51.B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，在不久的将来，很容易想象更多的功能，传感器将能够检测化学污染、局部照明条件、振动水平等。A. talents人才；B. capabilities功能；C. qualities品质；D. performances表演。根据上文的“a lightweight smartphone may gather all kinds of data，such as its location，local temperature and background noise levels”和下文的“sensors will be able to detect chemical pollution，local lighting conditions，vibration levels，and more”可知，此处说的是将来智能手机的功能。故选B。
52.C 考查副词词义辨析。句意：这将开启一个市民能够参与城市管理的新时代，在这个时代，改善城市运行所需的数据部分是由市民通过智能手机应用程序自愿提供的。A. accidentally意外地；B. surprisingly惊人地，出人意料地；C. willingly自愿地；D. determinedly决然地。根据下文的“by its citizens via smartphone apps”可知，市民通过智能手机提供的数据肯定是市民自愿提供的。故选C。
53.D 考查形容词/名词词义辨析。句意：在我们面对这个新时代时，它也提出了必须处理的复杂社会问题，但同样为市民提供了在改善他们的社区中发挥积极作用的机会，不仅在报告关键的环境和交通数据，而且在解决他们遇到的问题中发挥积极作用。A. confidential机密的；B. efficiency效率；C. biological生物的；D. social社会的。根据下文的“not only in the reporting of critical environmental and transportation data，but in taking an active role in solving the problems they have encountered”可知，此处说的是社会问题。故选D。
54.A 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. community社区；B. performance表现；C. unity统一；D. recreation娱乐。根据上一段中的“This will enable a new era where citizens are able to participate in city management”可知，此处指的是让市民参与城市管理，在改善他们的社区中发挥作用。故选A。
55.D 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这将是一个合作和知情的努力，通过信息技术促进社会转型，以应对我们的城市在未来几十年面临的日益增长的挑战。A. cost-effective划算的，成本效益好的；B. unconscious昏迷的，不省人事的；C. demanding要求高的，苛刻的；D. cooperative合作的。根据上文“This will enable a new era where citizens are able to participate in city management，where the very data required to improve city operations is in part 52 provided by its citizens via smartphone apps.”可知，让市民参与城市管理并通过智能手机提供数据，这肯定是需要多方合作的。故选D。