《2025年实验班全程提优训练高中英语选择性必修第二册外研版》

Ⅰ. 跨学科
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)阅读理解
主题语境: 人与自我 语篇类型: 记叙文 建议用时: 8 min
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer - causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco - machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco - machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse - like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco - machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
"Ecological design" is the name John gives to what he does. "Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor," he says. "You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self - repair."
1. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?
A. He was fond of travelling.
B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind.
D. He longed to be a doctor.
2. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?
A. To feed the animals.
B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants.
D. To test the eco - machine.
3. What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?
A. To review John's research plans.
B. To show an application of John's idea.
C. To compare John's different jobs.
D. To erase doubts about John's invention.
4. What is the basis for John's work?
A. Nature can repair itself.
B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse.
D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.

答案： 1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段内容以及第二段前三句可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“After a few weeks，John added the sludge.”以及倒数第三段内容可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器。故选D。
解题指导 干扰项分析
学生可能会误选A项，因为原文提到动植物开始“吃掉”污泥。然而，这种解读忽视了约翰放置污泥的初衷。他的目标是测试他所构建的生态机器(eco-machine)是否能有效地处理污泥并复原纯净水，正如自然处理污染的方式。B项和C项都是描述生态机器内部发生的过程或结果，而不是约翰放置污泥的直接原因。因此，正确答案是D项，因为这直接关联到约翰的实验目的和他对生态设计的研究。
3.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。
4.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。