《2025年实验班全程提优训练高中英语选择性必修第二册外研版》

Ⅱ. 传统文化
(2025·四川遂宁射洪中学模拟改编)语法填空
主题语境:人与社会 语篇类型:新闻报道 建议用时:7 min
On Sept. 7,2024 famous Chinese archaeologist(考古学家) Fan Jinshi, 86, 1. ____was awarded(award) by UNESCO for her contribution 2. ____tothe protection of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang.
3. ____Called(call) the “daughter of Dunhuang”, she started her story with the cave 60 years ago. In 1963, Fan, then a 25-year-old Peking University graduate, had the chance 4. ____to work(work) at the Mogao Caves, a place she had wanted to explore for a long time. Back in those days, the Mogao Caves were almost 5. ____completely(complete) cut off from the world. Fan and her coworkers stayed inside the caves to do research, copy murals(壁画), and do 6. ____whatever/whatthey could to protect and restore them. 7. ____Astime passed, Fan found a serious problem. 8. ____Thenumber of tourists visiting Dunhuang was increasing, which might harm the caves, 9. ____causing(cause) the murals inside to fade. In the late 1980s, Fan stumbled upon(偶然发现) computer technology by chance. She realised that this might preserve the Mogao Caves forever.
After over 30 years of 10. ____exploration(explore), the Dunhuang Academy built a digital database to protect cultural relics there, allowing Dunhuang's art to live forever and to step out of the caves to meet the world.

答案： 1. was awarded 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年9月7日，联合国教科文组织授予86岁的中国著名考古学家樊锦诗荣誉称号，以表彰她为保护敦煌莫高窟所做的贡献。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据“On Sept. 7, 2024”可知，此处为一般过去时，主语“famous Chinese archaeologist（考古学家）Fan Jinshi”与award之间构成被动关系，所以使用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数。故填was awarded。
2. to 考查介词。句意同上。contribution to意为“对……的贡献”。故填to。
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3. Called 考查非谓语动词。句意：被称为“敦煌女儿”的她，从60年前的洞穴开始了她的故事。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作状语，call与逻辑主语she构成被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Called。
4. to work 考查非谓语动词。句意：1963年，25岁的北京大学毕业生樊锦诗有机会在莫高窟工作，这是她长期以来一直想去探索的地方。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰抽象名词chance。故填to work。
5. completely 考查副词。句意：那时候，莫高窟几乎与外界完全隔绝。分析句子结构可知，此处应为副词作状语修饰cut off，complete的副词形式为completely，意为“完全地”，符合句意。故填completely。
6. whatever/what 考查宾语从句。句意：樊和她的同事待在洞穴里做研究，复制壁画，尽他们所能保护和修复它们。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连接词引导宾语从句作do的宾语，从句中缺少宾语，结合句意可知，表示“什么”或者“无论什么”，所以此处可用whatever或what。故填whatever/what。
7. As 考查状语从句。句意：随着时间的流逝，樊发现了一个严重的问题。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连接词引导时间状语从句，结合句意可知，此处表示“随着”符合句意，所以此处使用as引导时间状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填As。
8. The 考查固定短语。句意：参观敦煌的游客越来越多，这可能会损害洞穴，导致里面的壁画褪色。the number of意为“……的数量”，且位于句首，首字母要大写。故填The。
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9. causing 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作状语，cause与上文句子的内容构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词作结果状语。故填causing。
10. exploration 考查名词。句意：经过30多年的探索，敦煌研究院建立了一个数字数据库来保护那里的文物，让敦煌的艺术永世长存，走出洞穴，与世界相遇。分析句子结构可知，此处作介词的宾语，应用名词形式，explore的名词为exploration，意为“探索”，且此处为不可数名词。故填exploration。

Ⅰ. 跨学科
(2024·天津3月卷)阅读理解
主题语境:人与自然 语篇类型:说明文 建议用时:8 min
Research sometimes proves, with data, what we more or less already know(e. g. Exercise is good for you, and polluted air isn't). Still, sometimes our assumptions are incorrect, and scientific findings surprise researchers, along with the rest of us. A recent example is the phenomenon of disappearing lakes in parts of the frozen treeless Arctic(北极的) region.
You might think these lakes would be expanding, not disappearing. As climate change warms the region—melting(融化) surface snow and ice as well as the permafrost(永冻层)—there should be more surface water, forming larger lakes and even new ones. Recently, however, scientists have observed not just shrinking(缩小的) lakes but lakes that have completely gone away.
Many scientists shared the commonsense expectation that as permafrost melted, lakes would at first expand with meltwater flowing into them. Eventually, researchers made a prediction that progressive warming during the 21st and 22nd centuries would dry out the Arctic, and lakes would begin to shrink. But now it looks as if Arctic lakes are disappearing a century sooner than predicted. A case in point is that some large, age-old lakes shrank dramatically in what appears to have been a matter of months. Scientists have labeled this phenomenon "disastrous lake loss".
What caused this? The frozen solid ground actually contains bits of rock, mineral and organic matter, leaving spaces in between. And because these spaces are filled with solid ice, liquid water cannot readily get inside, but it can when the permafrost melts, allowing more water to get through. Soon after that, around 192 lakes in northwestern Alaska are gone from sight.
Why did scientists miss this? One probable reason is that most climate models assume that the melting of permafrost is driven only by warming air.
New evidence suggests, however, that rainfall—particularly increasing autumn rain—is now contributing significantly to permafrost loss. The rainfall carries heat into the ground. Yet none of the existing models includes such processes.
That is a good example of why—no matter how complex our models are or may one day be—we need direct observation of the natural world.
1. What does Paragraph 1 mainly tell us?
A. General knowledge can at times turn out to be true.
B. Commonsense assumptions can sometimes prove wrong.
C. Research findings should be built on popular assumptions.
D. Scientific research is inspired by an unknown phenomenon.
(B)
2. Contrary to the general expectation, climate change has caused ______.
A. a rapid rise of water surface
B. the permafrost to melt faster
C. many Arctic lakes to grow larger
D. the disappearance of many Arctic lakes
(D)
3. The disastrous climatic impacts on the Arctic region have been ______.
A. proved with emerging lakes
B. underestimated by scientists
C. well predicted by researchers
D. shown elsewhere in the world
(B)
4. Why is the frozen Arctic ground hard for water to get through?
A. Because of the solid ice within it.
B. Because of its unique composition.
C. Because it is far away from the waters.
D. Because snow rarely melts on frozen ground.
(A)
5. What lesson can we learn from the passage?
A. Direct observation is a must for scientific research.
B. Scientific research is guaranteed by sufficient lab facilities.
C. New evidence should be found to back up research findings.
D. Scientific predictions should be mostly based on research models.
(A)

答案： 1.B 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Research sometimes proves, with data, what we more or less already know”和“Still, sometimes our assumptions are incorrect, and scientific findings surprise researchers, along with the rest of us.”可知，该段表明有时一些常识性的假设可能被证明是错误的。故选B。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“You might think these lakes would be expanding, not disappearing.”和“Recently, however, scientists have observed not just shrinking(缩小的) lakes but lakes that have completely gone away.”可知，与人们的普遍预期相反，气候变化已经引起了许多北极湖泊的消失。故选D。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But now it looks as if Arctic lakes are disappearing a century sooner than predicted.”可知，对比之前科学家的预测，一些北极湖泊似乎消失得要快很多，可见灾难性的气候对北极地区的影响一直被科学家低估了。故选B。
4.A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“And because these spaces are filled with solid ice, liquid water cannot readily get inside”可知，因为冻土层中的空间里充满了坚实的冰，导致液体水无法进入。故选A。
5.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，文章通过对在冰冻无树的北极地区部分湖泊消失的现象这一实例的分析，让我们学到了直接观察自然世界对科学研究是必要的。故选A。