《2025年实验班全程提优训练高中英语选择性必修第二册外研版》

阅读理解
【素养解读】本文指出强调正直行为的积极结果比突出不诚实的负面后果更有效。这种思考体现了思维的创新性和批判性,鼓励学生从多元文化视角考虑问题,形成正确的价值判断,提升分析和解决问题的能力。
Stories have long been employed to instill moral and cultural values in young children, but there is little research exploring the effectiveness of such stories.
"As parents, we want to know how effective the stories actually are in promoting honesty," says lead author Kang Lee of the Dr Eric Jackman Institute of Child Study at the University of Toronto and co - author Victoria Talwar of McGill University. "Is it 'in one ear, out the other,' or do children listen and take the messages to heart?"
To find out, Lee and Talwar conducted an experiment with 268 children aged 3 to 7. Each child played a game that required guessing the identity of a toy based on the sound it made. In the middle of the game, the experimenter left the room for a minute, instructing the child not to glance at a toy left on the table. For most children, this temptation was too hard to resist. When the experimenter returned, she read the child a story, either *The Tortoise and the Hare*, *The Boy Who Cried Wolf*, *Pinocchio*, or *George Washington and the Cherry Tree*. Afterward, the experimenter asked the child to tell the truth about whether he or she glanced at the toy.
Contrary to the experimenters' expectations, *Pinocchio* and *The Boy Who Cried Wolf*, which associate lying with negative consequences, were no more effective at promoting honest behaviour than a fable unrelated to honesty, in this case *The Tortoise and the Hare*. Only the made - up tale about young George Washington seemed to inspire the kids to admit glancing: Children who heard the tale in which the future first president was complimented because of admitting his mistake and rewarded a candy were three times more likely to tell the truth than their fellows who heard other stories.
"Our study shows that to promote moral behaviour such as honesty, emphasising the positive outcomes of honesty rather than the negative consequences of dishonesty is the key," note they. "This may apply to other moral behaviours as well."
They also warn that more research is necessary to determine whether moral stories influence kids' behaviour in the long term. Still, they have been quick to take advantage of the findings. Talwar reports a shift in her own parenting practices: "It really seems to work. I use this now with my child."
1. 〔思维品质〕What is the aim of the experiment mentioned in the text?
A. To find out which story is instructive at school.
B. To make sure if the children can resist the temptation.
C. To see the effectiveness of stories in promoting honesty.
D. To ensure the precision in guessing the identity of the toy.
2. 〔语言能力〕What does the underlined word "complimented" mean in Paragraph 4?
A. Criticised.
B. Praised.
C. Ignored.
D. Respected.
3. 〔思维品质〕What does Talwar mean in the last paragraph?
A. She will apply the finding to her child.
B. Her child shows a strong interest in the story.
C. Her parents have changed their way of education.
D. She perceives the positive influence on her child.
4. 〔思维品质〕Which word can describe the author's attitude in the text?
A. Unclear.
B. Contradictory.
C. Sympathetic.
D. Objective.

答案： 1.C 推理判断题。根据第一段内容和第二段第一句可推知，文中提到的实验的目的是看看故事在促进诚实方面的有效性。故选C。
2.B 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“because of admitting his mistake and rewarded a candy were three times more likely to tell the truth than their fellows who heard other stories”可知，未来的第一任总统因承认错误而受到称赞，由此可知，complimented意为“称赞”，和B项“Praised”意思接近。故选B。
3.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，她意识到道德故事对自己孩子的积极影响。故选D。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后两段内容可知，作者一方面指出了实验结果，另一方面又提出实验结果的局限性，由此可知，作者的态度是客观的。故选D。