《2025年小题狂做高中英语必修第三册译林版》

B
[江苏南京第一中学月考]Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to predict when and where lightning will strike. Researchers report the system is able to predict lightning strikes up to 30 minutes before they happen within a 30-kilometre area.
Lightning is a strong burst of electricity in the atmosphere. Since it carries an extremely powerful electrical charge，it can be destructive and deadly. European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. For this reason，climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict lightning.
The system tested in the experiments uses a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognize weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning.
The model was created with data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data，related to four main surface conditions：air pressure，air temperature，relative humidity and wind speed，was placed into a unique machine learning algorithm(算法)，which compared it to records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning happens.
The researchers trained the system several times. They found that the system made predictions that proved correct almost 80 percent of the time. “It can now be used anywhere，” the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology said in a statement.
The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to create a lightning protection programme. The effort is called the European Laser Lightning Rod project. Scientists working on the project are experimenting with a laser technology that could someday control lightning activity，transferring lightning charges from clouds to the ground. They hope that such technology can one day be used as protection against lightning strikes. Possible uses could be at stations，airports or places where large crowds gather.
(D) 1. Why was the system developed?
A. To meet kids’ curiosity about lightning.
B. To show the power of lightning.
C. To keep track of lightning deaths.
D. To protect people from lightning.
(B) 2. What is special about the system?
A. It was based on a number of samples worldwide.
B. It adopted a different machine learning algorithm.
C. It used an effective method of collecting data.
D. It required low cost of predicting lightning.
(C) 3. What will the researchers do next with the laser technology?
A. Monitor lightning activity.
B. Prevent the occurrence of lightning.
C. Direct energy from lightning.
D. Generate electricity with lightning.
(B) 4. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. A System of Controlling Lightning
B. A Method of Forecasting Lightning
C. A Theory of Employing Lightning
D. A Model of Creating Lightning

答案： [语篇导读]本文是一篇说明文。闪电具有极大的破坏力，研究人员正在努力开发预测闪电的系统，从而保护人们的生命财产安全。
1. D 推理判断题
[关键句]Lightning is a strong burst of electricity in the atmosphere. Since it carries an extremely powerful electrical charge, it can be destructive and deadly. European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. For this reason, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods to predict lightning.
释义：闪电是大气中强烈的电爆发。由于它携带极其强大的电荷，所以极具破坏性和致命性。欧洲研究人员估计，全球每年有6000至24000人死于闪电袭击。由于这个原因，气象学家们一直在寻找预测闪电的方法。
[解析]根据关键句可知，闪电的破坏力极强，研究人员研发这种系统是为了保护人们免受闪电袭击。故选D项。
2. B 细节理解题
[关键句]The data, related to four main surface conditions：air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, was placed into a unique machine learning algorithm, which compared it to records of lightning strikes.
释义：与四个主要的地表条件——气压、气温、相对湿度和风速有关的数据被放入一个独特的机器学习算法中，该算法将其与闪电袭击记录进行比对。
[解析]根据关键句可知，研究人员运用独特的机器学习算法，以此了解更多闪电发生的条件。由此可见，这个系统的独特之处在于它采用了不同的机器学习算法。故选B项。
3. C 推理判断题
[关键句]Scientists working on the project are experimenting with a laser technology that could someday control lightning activity, transferring lightning charges from clouds to the ground.
释义：从事该项目的科学家正在试验一种激光技术，这种技术有朝一日可以控制闪电活动，将闪电电荷从云层传送到地面。
[解析]根据关键句可以推知，科学家希望能够控制和利用闪电的能量。故选C项“引导来自闪电的能量”。
4. B 标题概括题
[关键句]Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to predict when and where lightning will strike.
释义：科学家们说，他们已经开发出一种利用机器学习来预测闪电何时何地来袭的系统。
[解析]文章第一段给出了本文的话题，即科学家正在努力寻找一种可以预测闪电的方法。下文都是在围绕这一话题来叙述的。B项能概括全文大意，适合作为本文的标题。