《2025年小题狂做高中英语必修第三册译林版》

Passage 1
[2025江苏南京航空航天大学苏州附属中学月考]A storm surge(风暴潮) is a rise in sea level brought by tropical cyclones(热带气旋), also known as typhoons or hurricanes. These powerful storms produce strong winds that push the water into shore(岸), often causing flooding.
A storm surge is mainly caused by the relationship between the winds and the ocean’s surface. The water rises where the winds are strongest. In addition, water is pushed in the direction the winds are blowing. The rotation(自转) of the Earth causes winds to move towards the right in the Northern Hemisphere(半球) and towards the left in the Southern Hemisphere. If a cyclone develops in the Northern Hemisphere, the surge will be the largest in the right-forward part of the storm. In the Southern Hemisphere, the surge will be the largest in the left-forward part.
Atmospheric pressure also plays a key role. In a cyclone the central pressure is lower than at its edges. This pushes down the water in the outer parts of the storm, causing the water to rise in the centre.
More factors contribute to the strength of a storm surge as it comes to the coast. The water can reach as high as 10 metres if the storm surge happens at the same time as high tide. The coast’s slope(坡度) matters too: shallow coasts flood more easily.
The storm surges are a serious danger for coastal areas. They typically form in late summer when ocean temperatures are highest, providing the energy needed for cyclone development. Historically, storm surges have caused terrible losses. For example, the 1900 Galveston hurricane in the US claimed over 6,000 lives, while the 1970 Bhola cyclone in Bangladesh resulted in about 500,000 deaths.
Today, improvements in forecasting(预报) and warning help reduce damage done by a storm surge. Information about surges like speeds, heights and paths is provided, allowing communities to prepare and leave.
Coastal communities can protect themselves against storm surges by protecting local wetlands, which can take in the water and the energy of storm surges. But unfortunately they have made way for the city development.
(B) 1. What is a main cause of storm surges?
A. Heavy rainfall during cyclones.
B. Strong winds pushing seawater ashore.
C. Sudden rises of central pressure.
D. Earth’s rotation redirecting the winds.
(C) 2. Where is a storm surge the largest in the Northern Hemisphere?
A. Centre of the cyclone.
B. Coastal areas with wetlands.
C. Right-forward part of the storm.
D. Left-forward part of the cyclone.
(D) 3. Why does the passage mention Galveston hurricane and Bhola cyclone?
A. To show the increased cyclone frequency.
B. To compare storm surges in two hemispheres.
C. To explain the economic benefits of wetlands.
D. To stress the damaging effects of storm surges.
(D) 4. What will the passage probably talk about next?
A. Methods to forecast cyclone paths.
B. Case studies of recent storm surges.
C. Climate change’s impact on cyclones.
D. Strategies to protect coastal wetlands.
读后拓展
一、语篇结构梳理

Concept — A storm surge is a rise in sea level caused by (1)tropical cyclones.
Causes — • Water rises with strong winds and moves (2)in the direction the winds are blowing.
• Atmospheric pressure also plays (3)a key role.
Factors affecting the (4)strength — • high tide
• the coast’s slope
How to reduce damage — • Better forecasting and warning methods
• Protecting wetlands, which can (5)take in/absorb the water and the energy of storm surges
二、语言知识深挖
1. 词义匹配
(1) claim a. in the past
(2) historically b. cause sb’s death
(3) tide c. the flow of water that happens as the sea rises and falls
2. 选词填空(使用正确形式)
contribute to play a key role make way for
(1) Regular morning exercisecontributes to better health and higher daily energy levels.
(2) Old stone buildings were torn down,making way for new green parks and modern apartments.
(3) Parentsplay a key role in shaping their children’s values and attitudes towards life.
3. 长难句分析
They typically form in late summer when ocean temperatures are highest, providing the energy needed for cyclone development.
主句
时间状语从句
伴随状语
它们通常在夏末形成,此时海洋温度最高,为热带气旋的形成提供所需的能量。
分析:They typically form in late summer 为本句主句。when 引导时间状语从句。providing ... development 为现在分词短语作伴随状语,其中 needed for cyclone development 为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰 the energy。
及时巩固
选择:Scientists notice that the rare birds return to this wetlandB the temperature rises above 15℃ in spring.
A. thus
B. when
C. until
D. although
翻译:志愿者们扛着装满物资的箱子,走进了这个村庄。(现在分词短语作伴随状语;过去分词短语作后置定语)

答案： 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了风暴潮的形成原因、影响因素、危害以及可采取的应对措施。
1.B 细节理解题
【关键句】A storm surge is a rise in sea level brought by tropical cyclones, also known as typhoons or hurricanes. These powerful storms produce strong winds that push the water into shore, often causing flooding.
释义:风暴潮是一种由热带气旋(也称为台风或飓风)引发的海平面上涨现象。这些强风暴产生的狂风将海水推向海岸,常常引发洪涝灾害。
【解析】根据关键句可知,引发风暴潮的一个主要原因是强风将海水推向岸边。故选B项。
2.C 细节理解题
【关键句】If a cyclone develops in the Northern Hemisphere, the surge will be the largest in the right-forward part of the storm.
释义:如果气旋在北半球形成,风暴潮威力最大的地方将出现在风暴的右前方区域。
【解析】根据关键句可知,在北半球,风暴潮威力最大的地方将出现在风暴的右前方区域。故选C项。
3.D 推理判断题
【关键句1】The storm surges are a serious danger for coastal areas.
释义:风暴潮会对沿海地区构成严重的威胁。
【关键句2】Historically, storm surges have caused terrible losses. For example, the 1900 Galveston hurricane in the US claimed over 6,000 lives, while the 1970 Bhola cyclone in Bangladesh resulted in about 500,000 deaths.
释义:从历史上看,风暴潮曾造成过惨重损失。例如,1900年美国的“加尔维斯顿”飓风夺去了超过6000人的生命,而1970年孟加拉国的“博拉”旋风则造成约50万人死亡。
【解析】关键句1先总述风暴潮对沿海地区的影响很大,随后,作者以“加尔维斯顿”飓风和“博拉”旋风为例,介绍了这两个风暴潮造成的严重伤亡。由此可推知,作者提到“加尔维斯顿”飓风和“博拉”旋风是为了支撑上文的观点,即强调风暴潮的破坏性影响。故选D
高中英语小题狂做·必修第三册·YL
项。
4.D 推理判断题
【解析】根据最后一段可知,沿海社区可以通过保护当地湿地来抵御风暴潮,因为湿地能够吸收风暴潮的水体和能量。但遗憾的是,这些湿地已为城市发展让路。由此可推知,下文很可能会探讨保护沿海湿地的策略。故选D项。
读后拓展
一、语篇结构梳理
(1)tropical cyclones
(2)in the direction
(3)a key role
(4)strength
(5)take in/absorb
二、语言知识深挖
1.词义匹配
(1)b
(2)a
(3)c
2.选词填空
(1)contributes to
(2)making way for
(3)play a key role
3.长难句分析
及时巩固
B;The volunteers walked into the village, carrying boxes filled with supplies.