《2025年小题狂做高中英语选择性必修第四册译林版》

B
[江西南昌等5地期末]Most people don't lie very much. It makes sense. By being honest with people, you not only build up goodwill, but also save a lot of brainpower since your brain doesn't have to do anything out of the ordinary when you tell the truth. You just think of what you want to say, and you say it.
However, lying takes much more work. Imagine you're late to class and the teacher asks why. If you decide to lie, you have to make up a story on the spot, think about the various directions the conversation might take and figure out what you need to say to keep this whole lie from falling apart. You might not be aware of it, but you just give your brain a lot of extra work.
“A lot of that brain work is done in a region called the prefrontal cortex. It's the part in charge of working memory，” explains Jennifer Vendemia, a scientist from the University of South Carolina.
Working memory keeps something in mind just for a little while, such as remembering instructions for how to play a game or some other specific task. It stores things for only a short while as you're using them, and it doesn't put them in long-term storage. Besides working memory, the prefrontal cortex also takes care of tasks such as planning, problem-solving and self-control. Scientists describe these as executive function tasks. Executive function lets you think a step or two ahead to make sure the lie you're telling will likely hold up to questioning.
“Spending so much brainpower trying to keep a story straight means there's less available for other things，” says Vendemia. “Lying is especially harmful for young people as the prefrontal cortex is not fully developed until around age 25. When the prefrontal cortex is busy with tasks related to lying, younger people have a harder time doing other tasks.”
Lying has social costs, too. People generally value honesty and don't like liars. So if people view you as untrustworthy, it can be bad for your relationships.
(B) 1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. The costs of lying to people.
B. The benefits of being truthful.
C. The true meaning of honesty.
D. The difficulty of being a good liar.
(C) 2. Why is a lying student mentioned in the second paragraph?
A. To prove a theory.
B. To introduce a topic.
C. To give an example.
D. To provide the background.
(C) 3. Which of the following is the function of working memory?
A. Remembering a life-long lesson.
B. Pushing oneself to face difficulties.
C. Storing information for a short time.
D. Processing information in the brain.
(D) 4. What is the best title for the text?
A. How Can We Keep Lies from Falling Apart?
B. Which Part of Brain Is in Charge of Lying?
C. When Is It Especially Bad for People to Lie?
D. What Are the Harmful Effects of Lying?

答案： B
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了对人诚实的好处,阐述了说谎的危害。
1. B 段落大意题
【关键句】By being honest with people, you not only build up goodwill, but also save a lot of brainpower since your brain doesn’t have to do anything out of the ordinary when you tell the truth.
释义:通过诚实待人,你不仅可以与他人建立友好关系,还可以节省大量脑力,因为当你说实话时,你的大脑不需要进行任何超出寻常的活动。
【解析】根据关键句可知,第一段介绍了诚实待人的好处:有益于人际交往且能节省脑力。故选B项。
2. C 推理判断题
【解析】通读第二段可知,该段第一句提出观点:说谎需要付出更多努力。紧接着,作者以学生迟到后说谎为例,具体阐释了说谎需要做的额外工作。由此不难推知,作者提及说谎的学生是为了举例说明“说谎需要付出更多的努力”这个观点。故选C项。
3. C 细节理解题
【关键句】Working memory keeps something in mind just for a little while, such as remembering instructions for how to play a game or some other specific task.
释义:工作记忆只会短暂记忆某些事物,例如记住如何玩一个游戏或其他具体任务的指令。
【解析】根据关键句可知,工作记忆的功能是短暂存储信息。故选C项。
4. D 标题概括题
【解析】通读全文可知,第一段介绍了诚实的好处,第二至最后一段从不同角度说明了说谎的危害。由此可见,文章以“说谎有哪些有害影响?”作为标题最合适。故选D项。