《2025年小题狂做高中英语选择性必修第四册译林版》

A
[江苏扬州邗江期中]The history of humankind is littered with crafty and seasoned liars. Lying, it turns out, is something that most of us are highly skilled in. We lie with ease, in ways big and small, to strangers，co-workers，friends，and loved ones. Being dishonest is woven into our very fabric，so much so that it would be truthful to say that to lie is human.
Like learning to walk and talk，lying is something of a developmental milestone. While parents often find their children's lies troubling—for they signal the beginning of a loss of innocence—Kang Lee，a psychologist，sees the emergence of the behaviour in children as a comforting sign that their cognitive(认知的) growth is on track.
To study lying in children，Lee and his colleagues use a simple experiment. They ask kids to guess the identity of toys hidden from their view，based on an audio clue. The sound played has nothing to do with the toy. “So you play Beethoven，but the toy’s a car，” Lee explains. The experimenter leaves the room，using the excuse of taking a phone call—a lie for the sake of science—and asks the child not to peek at the toy. Returning，the experimenter asks the child for the answer，following up with the question：“Did you peek or not？”
Most children can’t resist peeking. The percentage of the children who peek and then provide false statements about it depends on their age. Among two-year-olds，only 30 percent are mendacious. Among three-year-olds，50 percent lie. And by eight，about 80 percent claim they didn’t peek.
What drives this increase in lying is the development of a child's ability to put himself or herself in someone else’s shoes. Known as theory of mind，this is the facility we acquire for understanding the beliefs，intentions，and knowledge of others. What then might be the best way to block the rapid advance of untruths into our lives? The answer isn’t clear. Technology has opened up a new frontier for dishonesty，adding a 21st-century twist to the age-old problem.
(B) 1. What can we learn about the human tendency to lie?
A. It is a rare occurrence.
B. It is part of human nature.
C. It emerges in adulthood.
D. It results from human greed.
(C) 2. Which statement will Kang Lee probably agree with?
A. Children who lie are more likely to fail.
B. Parents should prevent children from lying.
C. Lying in children suggests a normal growth.
D. Lying is a sign of a child’s loss of innocence.
(A) 3. What were the children tasked to do in the experiment?
A. Determine the names of the hidden items.
B. Provide false statements about their actions.
C. Hide toys from the view of the experimenter.
D. Guess the link between toys and sound clues.
(A) 4. What does the underlined word “mendacious” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Untruthful.
B. Trustworthy.
C. Irresponsible.
D. Cooperative.

答案： A
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于说谎的实验。
1. B 细节理解题
【关键句】Being dishonest is woven into our very fabric，so much so that it would be truthful to say that to lie is human.
释义:不诚实已经融入了我们的身体，以至于我们可以说说谎是人的本性。
【解析】根据关键句可知，说谎是人之本性。故选B项。
2. C 细节理解题
【关键句】While parents often find their children’s lies troubling—for they signal the beginning of a loss of innocence—Kang Lee，a psychologist，sees the emergence of the behaviour in children as a comforting sign that their cognitive growth is on track.
释义:虽然父母经常发现孩子的谎言令人不安，因为它们标志着孩子开始失去童真，但心理学家Kang Lee认为，孩子出现这种行为是一个令人欣慰的迹象，表明他们的认知发展在正常进行。
【解析】根据关键句可知，Kang Lee认为孩子学会说谎表明他们的认知是正常发展的。故选C项。
3. A 细节理解题
【关键句】To study lying in children，Lee and his colleagues use a simple experiment. They ask kids to guess the identity of toys hidden from their view，based on an audio clue.
释义:为了研究儿童说谎行为，Lee和他的同事们利用了一个简单的实验。他们让孩子们根据声音线索来猜测隐藏在他们视野之外的玩具的身份。
【解析】根据第三段第一、二句可知，在Kang Lee和他的同事们进行的实验中，孩子们需要根据声音来猜测他们看不见的玩具是什么。故选A项。
4. A 词义猜测题
【关键句】The percentage of the children who peek and then provide false statements about it depends on their age. Among two-year-olds，only 30 percent are mendacious. Among three-year-olds，50 percent lie. And by eight，about 80 percent claim they didn’t peek.
释义:偷看并提供虚假陈述的儿童比例取决于他们的年龄。在两岁的孩子中，只有30%的人说谎了。在三岁的孩子中，50%的人说谎了。在八岁的孩子中，大约80%的人声称他们没有偷看。
【解析】画线词所在句前一句讲了实验的发现:偷看并在偷看后说谎的儿童比例取决于他们的年龄。再根据画线词所在句及其后面两句中提到的年龄和比例可知，这三句话用具体的数字解释说明了该发现。故可推知，画线词所在句指的就是两岁的孩子偷看并在偷看后说谎的比例是30%。画线词应理解为“说谎的，不诚实的”才符合上下文逻辑。故选A项。trustworthy意为“值得信任的”;irresponsible意为“不负责任的”;cooperative意为“合作的”。