《2025年实验班提优大考卷九年级英语上册译林版》

四、阅读理解(15分)
颜色与文化、性格息息相关，但人们看到的颜色是否相同呢？眼睛中的感受器是如何工作让我们感受到颜色的呢？快来了解一下吧！
Have you ever wondered if you see the same colours as other people? Most people know what blue is when they see it. It's the colour of the sea and the sky. They see the colour and call it "blue" because they were taught the word and connected it with what they saw. But how do you know what you see as "blue" isn't someone else's "red"?
The ability to notice different colours is due to receptors(感受器) in our eyes which are also called cones(视锥细胞). Light waves hit these receptors and they react depending on which colour the light is, sending signals to the brain. The brain then translates these signals to tell which colour light the eyes are receiving.
Some people's receptors are more developed than others. People with weaker receptors usually have colour blindness. Those with more developed receptors can see more shades of one colour, which is the first way in which people may see colours differently from each other. We sometimes hear people having an argument(争论) about whether something is dark blue or black. It might be because one person has stronger receptors to translate the light than another.
In the past, most scientists would think that everyone saw colours in the same way. However, later scientists carried out a research on monkeys, in which they were injected(注射) with a virus affecting their receptors. They found that monkeys could see one more colour—red, compared(比较) with the usual two colours—blue and green. This is because the neurons(神经元) in their brains automatically(自动地) adapted(适应) to be able to understand a new colour. This also might mean the neurons in human brains are not hardwired(与生俱来的) to understand which colour is which. Our brains and neurons may adapt to tell colours depending on stimulus(刺激物).
Colour could be a very personal experience, unique(独一无二的) to everyone. So next time when you and your friend talk about your favourite colour, if yours is blue and your friend says red, you might actually be thinking about the same colour.
(C)1. 中考新考法 推断文章开篇方式 How does the author introduce his topic in Paragraph 1?
A. By doing a survey.
B. By listing some numbers.
C. By giving an example.
D. By using famous people's words.
(B)2. What's the correct process(过程) of seeing colours?
A. cones send signals to the brain→the brain translates the signals→light waves hit cones→cones react to the light
B. light waves hit cones→cones react to the light→cones send signals to the brain→the brain translates the signals
C. light waves hit cones→cones send signals to the brain→the brain translates the signals→cones react to the light
D. cones react to the light→cones send signals to the brain→light waves hit cones→the brain translates the signals
(D)3. 中考新考法 推断文章结构 Which graph(图表) shows how the author organizes his ideas?

答案： 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了人们对颜色感知的差异及其原因，解释了眼睛中的感受器的作用，以及为什么有些人看到的颜色有所不同。
1.C [解析]细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Most people know what blue is when they see it.”可知，作者在第一段通过举例介绍他的主题。故选C。
2.B [解析]细节理解题。根据第二段“The ability to notice different colours is due to receptors(感受器) in our eyes which are also called cones(视锥细胞). Light waves hit these receptors and they react depending on which colour light the eyes are receiving.”可知，看颜色的正确过程应为：光波撞击视锥细胞→视锥细胞对光做出反应→视锥细胞向大脑发送信号→大脑翻译信号。故选B。
3.D [解析]篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段介绍了人们是否看到的颜色相同，引出主题；第二、三、四段具体介绍了眼睛中的感受器如何工作，以及为什么有些人可能看到的颜色不同；最后一段总结指出颜色可能是一种非常个人化的体验，对每个人来说都是独特的。因此文章的结构为总——分——总。故选D。