《2025年实验班提优大考卷九年级英语上册译林版》

六、跨学科 中国历史和文化 (2024·南通通州区中考一模)阅读理解(16 分)
同学们了解了二十四节气的知识后,对中国历史和文化中的一些传统观念和故事更感兴趣了,快来看看吧。
Titles like taoli and kaimo(楷模)have rooted(植根于)themselves deeply into ancient Chinese history and culture. What do they refer to? Have you ever wondered what the stories behind these ideas are?
Modesty and respect
Chinese people in the past or even sometimes today call their sons quanzi(犬子). They believe that dogs are humble(卑微的)animals. When Chinese parents use quanzi to refer to their sons, they are being modest. Of course, most parents do have high expectations for their children and want them to be successful. However, they don't usually talk about this in front of others. Anyway, they try to play it down. This is similar to how even rich Chinese people call their big houses hanshe(寒舍), which means “my humble home”.
Although people are modest about themselves, they praise others a lot. They call their own sons quanzi, but others' sons linglang(令郎), which is a respectful way to say “your son”.
Trees of character
In Chinese, kaimo means “role model”. Both of these Chinese characters have a “木” on their left side. This means kai and mo might have been two kinds of trees in ancient China, although there are different opinions about this. According to Duan Chengshi, a botanist(植物学家)who lived during the Tang Dynasty(618 - 907), there was a kind of tree called kai in southwestern China. It was said that there were many kai trees growing near Confucius' tomb(孔子墓). The trunks(树干)of these trees were very straight. Some people thought they were like Confucius' character—straight and upright. Legend has it that the mo trees grew near the tomb of the Duke of Zhou(周公), a statesman(政治家)of the Zhou Dynasty(1046 - 256 BC). The colour of the mo tree's leaves was said to be pure, making the tree a symbol of purity and honesty. Since the kai and mo trees grew near the tombs of two respected people, kaimo was then used to refer to role models in general, according to Sun Yi, a scholar(学者)who lived during the Song Dynasty(960 - 1279).
Spreading seeds of education
There is a Chinese idiom taoli mantianxia(桃李满天下), referring to a teacher who has taught so many students that they spread across the country like peach and plum trees.
The idiom comes from a story about Zizhi(子质), an official who lived in the State of Wei during the Warring States Period(475 - 221 BC). Zizhi was a knowledgeable person. He opened a private school and started to teach students.
As a teacher, Zizhi was kind and wise. He never chose students according to their wealth or social positions. He often pointed at a peach and a plum tree in his yard when asking his students to work hard. “You should become a useful person to benefit society, just like when the peach and plum trees bloom and produce fruit,” he said.
Keeping these words in their minds, many of Zizhi's students went on to different places around the country, achieving great things along the way. They would plant peach and plum trees to show their respect for their teacher.
Since then, “peach and plum trees” has been used to refer to students who have been successful in their post - study careers.
(B)1. Chinese people in the past called their sons quanzi because .
A. their sons were very humble
B. parents didn't praise their sons too much
C. their sons liked dogs very much
D. parents didn't think their sons will succeed
(C)2. Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 4?
A. Kai and mo are symbols of purity and honesty because their leaves were pure.
B. “楷” and “模” must be trees in ancient China because they have a “木” on their left side.
C. In people's opinion, Confucius was straight and upright and he set an example to us.
D. There was a kind of tree called kai in southwestern China according to Sun Yi, a scholar.
(D)3. [中考新考法]事件排序 Which is the correct order of the things below?
a. Zizhi often pointed at a peach and a plum tree in his yard.
b. Zizhi opened a private school and started to teach students.
c. Zizhi's students went on to different places and achieved their goals.
d. Zizhi's students worked harder because the teacher encouraged them.
e. Zizhi's students planted peach and plum trees to show their respect for their teacher.
A. a - c - b - d - e
B. a - b - d - e - c
C. b - d - c - e - a
D. b - a - d - c - e
(C)4. [中考新考法]标题归纳 What's the best title for this passage?
A. The importance of good qualities
B. How to be a successful person
C. Traditional Chinese culture and value
D. The history of Chinese education

答案： 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国历史和文化中的一些传统观念和故事，展示了传统文化中对于谦逊、尊重、正直和教育的重视。
1.B [解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的“When Chinese parents use quanzi to refer to... Anyway, they try to play it down.”可知，过去父母称自己的儿子为“犬子”是一种谦逊的行为，父母也希望他们的孩子成功，但在人前还是放低姿态，淡化对儿子的表扬。故选 B。
2.C [解析]细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Some people thought they were like Confucius’ character—straight and upright.”可知，在人们看来，孔子很正直，给我们树立了榜样。故选 C。
3.D [解析]细节理解题。根据第六段中的“He opened a private school and started to teach students.”、第七段中的“He often pointed at a peach and a plum tree in his yard.”以及第八段“Keeping these words in their minds, many of... show their respect for their teacher.”可知，b-a-d-c-e 这五句话按顺序讲述了子质办学，经常指着桃树和李树教育学生做对社会有用的人，后来学生受到老师的鼓励取得了很大成就，种了桃树和李树以示对老师的尊敬的故事。故选 D。
4.C [解析]标题归纳题。根据第一段“Titles like taoli and kaimo（楷模）have rooted（根植于）themselves deeply into ancient Chinese history and culture. What do they refer to? Have you ever wondered what the stories behind these ideas are?”并结合下文可知，本文主要介绍了中国历史和文化中的一些传统观念和故事。故选 C。