《2025年实验班提优大考卷九年级英语上册译林版》

A跨学科彩虹的形成(2025.南京建邺区期中)

Rainbows are created by light shining through water or clear
objects.In nature,rainbows usually appear where rain and sunlight
meet.Rainbows are beautiful tricks of light.Science,though,has
unlocked their mysteries.
Where and When Rainbows Appear
Notice the weather the next time you see a rainbow.There will
be rain or mist(薄雾)in front of you,and the sun will be shining
from behind you.The rainbow will appear in the rain or mist.
Water in the air and direct light are the two things needed to see a
rainbow in nature.A rainbow won't appear if the sky is too cloudy.
The best time to see a rainbow is usually in the morning or late
afternoon.That's when the sun is in the best place to create one.If
you're lucky,you might see a double or even a triple rainbow.
You can sometimes see rainbows in the mist of a waterfall too.
A fountain(喷泉)can create a small rainbow,and a sprinkler(洒水
器)on a sunny day may put on a colourful show.Rainbows can even
form under a bright moon. These special rainbows are called
moon bows.
To a viewer,a rainbow looks like a half circle. However,a
rainbow actually forms a full circle.From the ground,most times
we can only see a rainbow's top half.Sometimes though,lucky
airline pilots may see a rainbow's complete circle from the sky.
How Rainbows Form
Ren é Descartes was a French scientist.He was born over four
hundred years ago. He was attracted by rainbows and wanted to
learn more about them.He used sunlight and a big ball filled with water to do experiments. Descartes discovered that to see a rainbow,the viewer must be looking at the light from the right angle(角度).To understand rainbows,it helps to understand how light travels. Light moves at different speeds through different mediums(介质).Think of running on land.Then imagine running in knee−deep water.You move slower through water.In the same way,light moves faster through air than through water. This happens because water is thicker than air.When light enters water,it slows and changes its original path(路线).This process makes objects,
such as a pencil sitting in a glass of water,seem to bend(弯曲).
We can see rainbows in nature when direct light meets drops of rain.Sunlight refracts(折射)as it enters each drop.The light then reflects,or bounces,off the inside of each drop,like light off a mirror.The light refracts again as it exits the drop.Light refracts and reflects in millions of water droplets in the sky at the same time.This process makes all the colours of a rainbow.
(D)1.中考新考法句意理解 Which sentence below can best explain
the underlined sentence “ Rainbows are beautiful tricks of light." in Paragraph 1?
A.Rainbows are tricks made by many scientists.
B.Someone lied to us about the truth of rainbows.
C.Rainbows are made by some unknown magic tricks.
D.The light plays tricks on people's eyes and makes rainbows.
(A)2.In which of the following situations,a rainbow CAN'T
form?
A.Over a sprinkler on a very cloudy day..
B.On a misty morning.
C.Over a fountain under a bright moon.
D.In the mist of a waterfall.
(D)3.中考新考法图片理解 Which could be the best picture for the
underlined sentence in Paragraph 6?

(B)4.Which statement below is TRUE according to the article?
A.A rainbow can be a complete circle as well as a half circle.
B.You need to stand at a right angle to see a rainbow.
C.Light can actually make a pencil bend in water.
D.Light moves faster in thicker mediums like water..

答案： 36 趋势新题特训二 跨学科
A【文章大意】本文主要解释了彩虹是如何形成的，以及在什么条件下可以看到彩虹。
1.D [解析]推理判断题。根据“Rainbows are beautiful tricks of light.”可知，“彩虹是光的美丽把戏”，这句话的意思是光通过折射、反射等作用让我们看到彩虹，就好像在跟我们的眼睛玩把戏一样。因此选项D“光对人的眼睛玩把戏，从而形成彩虹。”是最能解释这句话的。故选D。
2.A [解析]细节理解题。根据“A fountain(喷泉) can create a small rainbow，and a sprinkler(洒水器) on a sunny day may put on a colourful show.”以及“A rainbow won't appear if the sky is too cloudy.”可知，洒水器在晴朗的天气时可以形成彩虹，在多云的天气时不能形成彩虹。故选A。
3.D [解析]细节理解题。根据“When light enters water，it slows and changes its original path(路线). This process makes objects，such as a pencil sitting in a glass of water，seem to bend(弯曲).”可知，当光进入水中时，它的速度会减慢，并且会改变其原本的传播路径，这一过程使得诸如放在水杯里的铅笔之类的物体看起来好像发生了弯曲。选项D图是关于光在空气和水中折射的原理，光从空气进入水中，发生折射。故选D。
4.B [解析]细节理解题。根据“Descartes discovered that to see a rainbow，the viewer must be looking at the light from the right angle(角度).”可知，要看到彩虹，观察者必须从正确的角度观察光线。选项B“你需要站在正确的角度才能看到彩虹。”表述正确。故选B。