《2025年一遍过英语必修第一册外研版》

一、阅读理解
        [2022新高考Ⅰ卷·D]Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common "m" and "a" to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground - breaking, five - year study shows that diet - related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.
           More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as "f" and "v", were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
         They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large.
         Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of "f" and "v" increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter - gatherer people today.
          This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. "The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution," said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
1. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi's research focus on?
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity. D. Its development.
2. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth. B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured. D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
3. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Supporting evidence for the research results. B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods. D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
4. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
A. It is key to effective communication. B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system. D. It drives the evolution of human beings.

答案： 1. D 考查推理推断。题干问的是" Damián Blasi 的研究集中在人类语音的哪个方面?"，通读全文尤其是根据最后一段内容可知，Damián Blasi 的研究集中在语音的演变上。故选D项。
2. C 考查细节理解。题干问的是"为什么古代成年人很难产生唇齿音?"，根据题干可将解题信息定位到文章的第三段。根据第三段的内容可知，他们发现古代成年人的上下门牙是对齐的，很难产生唇齿音，而唇齿音由下唇接触上牙产生。之后，我们下巴的结构变成了覆咬合结构，这让我们更容易产生这样的声音。由此可推知，他们的下巴构造使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C项。
3. A 考查段落大意。题干问的是"第五段主要讲述了什么?"，由第五段内容可知，对语言数据库的分析也证实，新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化。第五段主要列出了使研究结果更令人信服的证据。故选A项。
4. C 考查推理判断。题干问的是" Steven Moran 对人类语音有什么看法?"，根据题干可将解题信息定位到文章的最后一段。Steven Moran 认为：自人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，今天我们发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂的相互作用的产物。由此可推知，它是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C项。

二、语法填空
          [2023新课标Ⅱ卷]Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach... the animals?
           Since June 2017, right before the 1. ________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 2. ________ (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 3. ________?
          Not the pandas, even though 4. ________ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 5. ________ (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 6. ________ (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 7. ________ they need an English trainer.
           So, what are they learning? 8. ________ (basic), how to describe a panda's life. It's been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 9. ________ to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I 10. ________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I'm living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.

答案： 1. arrival 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处作介词before的宾语，跟在定冠词the的后面，需要用名词，arrive的名词形式是arrival。故填arrival。
【知识拓展】以-ve结尾的动词在变名词时，一般会将词尾的-e变为-al，如：survive(生存，存活)→survival；remove(移走，去掉)→removal；approve(赞成，同意)→approval。
2. confident 考查形容词。根据空前的并列连词and可知，空处与空前的形容词comfortable并列，同作feel的表语，因此，空处也需要填形容词。故填confident。句意：自2017年6月，就在两只新大熊猫"梦梦"和"娇庆"到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更自在、更自信地讲英语。
3. to/with 考查介词。根据下文中的"Not the pandas... They talk to the flood of international tourists"可知，此处的意思是"他们和谁说英语呢"。故填to/with。
4. the 考查冠词。空后为可数名词单数language，因此，空处考虑使用冠词起限定作用，根据language后的"used for the medical training instructions"可知，此处表特指，所以空处应该填定冠词the。
5. visiting 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作前置定语，修饰空后的"Chinese zookeepers"，visit与Chinese zookeepers之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，此处意为"来访的中国动物园管理员"，所以空处需要填visiting。句意：他们要和蜂拥而来的国际游客，以及来访的中国动物园管理员交谈。这些动物园管理员会经常来为从中国租借来的大熊猫做检查。
【考情速递】高考语法填空不以孤立的句子为单位，而是以语篇为单位和载体考查语法知识，体现了以运用为导向的语言学习观。如果同学们在解答本题时脱离语篇，仅运用语法知识，那么很容易填成visit或其他错误答案，只有理解了本题所在句的语境，才可以分析清楚空处所作的成分，进而得出正确答案。
6. interviews 考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处作动词give的宾语，需要用名词。根据空后的"with international journalists"(和国际记者)可知，空处表示复数意义，所以空处需要填interviews。
7. why 考查表语从句的引导词。根据句意"他们还需要随时准备好接受国际记者的英文采访。这就是他们需要一个英语老师的原因"可知，此处考查固定句型"This is why..."，所以空处需要填why。
8. Basically 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用副词修饰整个句子。由于本空位于句首，首字母需要大写，所以空处需要填Basically。
【知识拓展】以-ic结尾的形容词在变副词时，一般会将词尾的-ic变为-ically，如：academic(学术的)→academically；dramatic(激动人心的，引人注目的)→dramatically；economic(经济的，经济上的)→economically；scientific(科学的)→scientifically。
9. and 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空前的"to watch... develop"和空后的"to see... home"结构相似，空处考虑使用连词。结合句意"能够关注大熊猫项目的发展并看着大熊猫在新的住处安顿下来是一种荣幸"可知，空处前后是语意上的并列关系，所以空处应该填and。
10. wished 考查动词的时态。根据空前的"As a little girl"和空后的"when I grew up""Now，I'm living out that dream"可知，空处讲的是作者小时候的愿望，故时态应用一般过去时，所以空处需要填wished。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望我长大后成为一名动物园管理员。

三、书面表达
[2023全国甲卷]你们学校正举办主题为"用英文讲中国故事"的征文活动。请你以一位中国历史人物为题写一篇短文投稿。内容包括：
1. 人物简介及事迹；
2. 意义或启示。
注意:1. 词数100左右；
2. 题目已为你写好。
The Historical Figure in China
______________________________

答案：
【写作思路】

5年创新考：高考作文命题方式越来越灵活，本篇书面表达为半开放式的短文投稿，要求同学们用英文讲述中国历史人物故事，属于描述人物类作文，融入了记叙文文体的写作特点。题目所给要点内容比较笼统，需要同学们根据自身的文化素养对人物事迹及贡献等内容进行填充。
【范文赏读】
The Historical Figure in China
①Among the Chinese historical figures that are widely acknowledged，Fan Zhongyan is the most influential in my opinion. Here are the reasons.
Known as a Chinese writer and politician in the Song Dynasty，Fan Zhongyan was highly appreciated because he made great contributions to society. He spared no effort to carry out a series of reforms to make his country prosperous. Besides，he proposed the establishment of a national school system，which had a far - reaching influence on the Chinese educational system.
②What impresses me most is his famous philosophy of life："Be the first to worry about the troubles across the land，the last to enjoy universal happiness. " Fan Zhongyan is such a role model that he always encourages me to be a man of noble character.
一句多译：①其他表达方式一：There are countless historical figures in China，but according to me，Fan Zhongyan stands out among them.
其他表达方式二：Many historical figures have had a profound influence，but the one who impresses me most is Fan Zhongyan.
②其他表达方式一：I'm impressed by his famous philosophy of life，which is "Be the first to worry about the troubles across the land，the last to enjoy universal happiness. "
其他表达方式二：It is his famous philosophy of life that impresses me most："Be the first to worry about the troubles across the land，the last to enjoy universal happiness. "

第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where is Fred now?
A. At home.
B. At the office.
C. In the classroom.
2. What color is the woman's bedroom?
A. Grey.
B. Blue.
C. Yellow.
3. What's the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Classmates.
B. Workmates.
C. Teacher and student.
4. When does the man want to go to the library?
A. This Saturday.
B. This Sunday.
C. Next Monday.
5. How long have the man's parents been in China?
A. For 3 years.
B. For 8 years.
C. For 11 years.

答案： 1—5 CAACC

第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6. Why does Tina say sorry to Tony?
A. She has to put off their travel plan.
B. She isn't prepared enough for her test.
C. She can't travel with him as planned.
7. What does Tina want Tony to do?
A. Help her with her studies.
B. Take a book to their friend.
C. Study together with her at the weekend.
听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
8. How will the speakers get to their branch office?
A. By plane.
B. By train.
C. By car.
9. What does the man suggest doing?
A. Checking the website.
B. Making a phone call.
C. Writing an e-mail.
听第8段材料,回答第10至13题。
10. What day is it today?
A. Friday.
B. Thursday.
C. Wednesday.
11. Who forgot the words during the play?
A. Peter.
B. Harry.
C. Mark.
12. What was Fred's problem?
A. He fell over a chair.
B. He caused lights to be off.
C. He gave up the play midway.
13. How does the woman feel about the situation of the man's first night?
A. It's normal.
B. It's funny.
C. It's surprising.
听第9段材料,回答第14至16题。
14. Why is the apartment cheaper?
A. It isn't close to public transportation.
B. It doesn't have much space.
C. It doesn't have a good view.
15. What is included in the rent?
A. The Wi-Fi service.
B. Electricity.
C. The air conditioner.
16. What does the woman want to do next?
A. Use the mobile phone.
B. Complete the paperwork.
C. Look at another apartment.
听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
17. What kind of job does the speaker want to apply for?
A. A typist.
B. A tour guide.
C. A secretary.
18. What does the speaker say about her language ability?
A. She has a good command of English.
B. She can speak Japanese very well.
C. Her oral English is not very good.
19. Which is the speaker's hobby in her spare time?
A. Singing.
B. Reading.
C. Traveling.
20. Which of the following best describes the speaker?
A. She is very humorous.
B. She is always ready to help others.
C. She is good at communicating with people.

答案： 6—10 CBBAA
11—15 BBACC
16—20 BCABC