《2026年山东省中考试卷精选九年级英语》

D
A nudge is a gentle push. Sometimes it's a physical push. A person might nudge a friend to make him move out of the way, or a parent might nudge a child to get her to say thank you for a gift. Sometimes a nudge is a mental(心理) push. A boss might nudge workers to work faster by reminding them that a deadline(最后期限) is coming up.
In design terms, nudges usually have two characteristics. First, they make one choice seem more attractive and useful than the others. Second, design nudges don't say clearly what the best choice is. They just suggest it in an indirect way.
We can see many examples where nudges help people choose what's good for them. Take students as an example. Nudges can encourage them to give up negative behaviors, such as eating junk food at lunch, and develop positive ones. Studies show that most of people take the first three foods they see more often than other foods. Schools can use this information to nudge students to eat better by putting healthier food choices at the front of the line, and unhealthy ones at the end. Giving food nicer names can also change student choices. "Cool summer salad" will probably be more popular than just "salad".
However, not all design nudges are beneficial. For example, shops might shine a light on fruit, using this nudge to increase sales. But it benefits shops, not customers. A hotel that offers a free breakfast might choose to put low - cost but unhealthy food in a noticeable place and put higher cost but healthier food in a far corner. This helps the hotel save money but is bad for guests.
Design nudges are all around us because they are effective. A growing number of people are now using nudges on themselves to help overcome problems and make better choices.
27. What is a characteristic of design nudges?
A. They clearly tell people what to choose.
B. They push people to make decisions quickly.
C. They encourage people to think independently.
D. They make one choice seem better than the rest.
28. How can schools nudge their students to eat better?
A. By offering more food choices to them.
B. By providing high - cost foods at lower prices.
C. By putting healthy foods at a noticeable place.
D. By placing unhealthy foods at the front of the line.
29. What can we learn from the examples in Paragraph 4?
A. Design nudges might be used in a bad way.
B. People often misunderstand design nudges.
C. People use design nudges widely in daily life.
D. Design nudges can improve the service quality.
30. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. The power of a nudge
B. The benefits of a nudge
C. How to design a nudge
D. How to recognize a nudge

答案： 27.D [解析]细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In design terms, nudges usually have two characteristics. First, they make one choice seem more attractive and useful than the others.”可知，设计领域“助推”的特征之一是让某一个选择看起来比其他选择更有吸引力、更有用，即让一个选择比其他选择更好。故选D。
28.C [解析]细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Schools can use this information to nudge students to eat better by putting healthier food choices at the front of the line and unhealthy ones at the end.”可知，学校可以通过将健康食品放在队伍前面(即显眼位置)，引导学生更好地选择饮食。故选C。
29.A [解析]推理判断题。根据第四段中的“However, not all design nudges are beneficial. For example, shops might shine a light on fruit... But it benefits shops, not customers. A hotel... put low-cost but unhealthy food in a noticeable place... This helps the hotel save money but is bad for guests.”可知，商店和酒店的“助推”行为仅利于自身，却对顾客不利，由此可推断出设计领域的“助推”可能被用在不好的方面。故选A。
易错警示 本题容易错选C项。C项(广泛使用)虽正确但未体现段落重点(滥用的风险)，故排除。
30.A [解析]标题归纳题。文章开篇定义“助推”，接着介绍设计领域“助推”的特征，随后通过正反例子说明“助推”的作用，最后提到“助推”因有效而广泛存在，人们也会用其帮助自己——全文围绕“助推”的多方面作用和影响展开，核心是体现“助推”的力量。“The power of a nudge”能概括全文主旨，适合作为标题。故选A。
技巧点拨
标题归纳题的技巧
1 覆盖全文主旨：标题需概括核心内容(如助推的定义、特点、应用场景)。
2 避免片面性：若文章涉及正反两面(如助推的益处与滥用)，标题需具备包容性。
3 警惕细节干扰：标题应抽象整体内容，而非拘泥于某个例子或段落。
4 比对选项关键词：正确标题常包含文章高频词(如nudge、power/effectiveness)，且与作者态度一致。
本题适用：文章既说助推“有效”(effective)又指出“并非全部有益”(not all beneficial)，A选项“力量”一词中立涵盖双面性，其他选项均片面。