《2026年高中必刷题高二下英语人教版》

答案 P153
语篇类型:说明文 主题:辨别网络虚假信息 词数:342 难度:偏难 建议用时:8分钟
[山东菏泽2025高二期末]Correcting a massive amount of digital misinformation that circulates at high speed online is a never - ending task. A major video platform removed more than half a million channels last year for broadcasting misinformation. The powerful fact - checking organisations that try to keep the Internet honest face more claims than they can handle. How should they prioritise?
Checkers came up with a new approach: forecasting which claims are most dangerous and thus which most deserve to be put under the microscope. Researchers from the University of Westminster developed a classification system to sort dangerous misinformation from everyday nonsense.
One test of a false dangerous claim is whether enough people will believe it, so that it can cause harm. To swing an election with misinformation, you need to persuade many people; to fool someone with fake medicine, you need to convince only one. Another test is whether those believing the claim have the capacity to act on it. Some people may be misled into believing that Wi - Fi signals can kill plants, for example, but are unlikely to change their behaviour. The researchers estimated that, of the false claims in their samples, 57% were unlikely to contribute to any specific real - world effect.
Of the remaining potentially consequential misinformation, the checkers considered whether the consequence would be “direct”—such as persuading people to buy certain kinds of goods, or “cumulative”, contributing to a false narrative about so - called success science. The claims were roughly evenly divided. “Cumulative” harm is harder to assess in a short time, says Peter Cunliffe - Jones of the University of Westminster, but large data sets make it possible to see how often a claim is repeated, and thus when a narrative is forming.
Time devoted to selecting which false claims to check is probably well spent. It takes five minutes to sort a claim, whereas carrying out a thorough check takes five to six hours. “The fact - checking world needs to get more systematic in its approach,” says Mr Cunliffe - Jones. “If this community is going to learn anything from this... it's that data is the future.”
1. What is the main challenge fact - checking organisations face?
A. Lack of professional fact checkers.
B. Difficulty in accessing reliable data.
C. Resistance from social media platforms.
D. The overwhelming amount of misinformation.
2. In which case may a false claim be classified into “most dangerous”?
A. It targets ordinary people.
B. It brings about an action.
C. It disguises itself with science.
D. It spreads on many social media platforms.
3. What is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “cumulative” in paragraph 4?
A. Equal.
B. Complete.
C. Gradual.
D. Instant.
4. What can be learnt from the last paragraph?
A. It's up to data to keep the Internet honest.
B. Most false claims require thorough checks.
C. Too many resources are wasted in classifying misinformation.
D. Selection matters more than thorough checks.

答案：
[语篇导读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在因特网虚假信息泛滥的背景下事实核查机构不堪重负的现状，并详细介绍了一种新的应对策略:通过系统性地评估和分类，优先处理那些最可能造成现实危害的虚假信息。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The powerful fact-checking organisations that try to keep the Internet honest face more claims than they can handle.”可知,事实核查机构面临的问题是需要处理的虚假信息量已经超出了其能力范围。故选D项。
2.B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“One test of a false dangerous claim is whether enough people will believe it, so that it can cause harm.”以及“Another test is whether those believing the claim have the capacity to act on it.”可知,本段提到虚假信息的两个检验标准:一是是否有足够多的人相信，从而产生有害影响;二是相信虚假信息的那些人是否有能力据此采取行动。后文以“某些人虽然可能被误导，认为Wi-Fi信号能杀死植物，但却不大可能改变自己的行为”为例，说明“能产生行动”是虚假信息危险性的重要标志。故选B项。
3.C 词义猜测题。根据画线单词后的“contributing to a false narrative about so-called success science”以及后文的“Cumulative harm is harder to assess in a short time... see how often a claim is repeated, and thus when a narrative is forming.”可知,这种危害在短期内较难评估，它是通过反复传播而逐渐形成的，说明它是累积性的。故可推知，C项与画线单词含义最为接近。故选C项。
4.A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The fact-checking world needs to get more systematic in its approach,’ says Mr Cunliffe-Jones. ‘If this community is going to learn anything from this... it’s that data is the future.’”可知,事实核查领域需要采取更系统化的方法，而实现这一点的关键在于数据。因此，更加科学、系统地运用数据将是未来维护网络环境真实性的关键。故选A项。
文本解构
说明文——辨别网络虚假信息
Para 1 介绍研究背景，指出网络虚假信息传播迅速，治理困难。
Para 2 介绍研究方法。
Para 3 阐述判断虚假信息危险性的标准，即相信虚假信息的人是否足够多及这些人是否有能力付诸行动。
Para 4 介绍虚假信息危害的分类，即直接危害和累积危害。
Para 5 总结研究发现，明确未来的发展方向。