《2025年绿色通道45分钟课时作业与单元测评高中英语选择性必修第三册人教版》

Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
(2024·湖南张家界高二期末)Craig Foster was diving off the southernmost tip of Africa when he saw her with the swimsuit—an octopus (章鱼) hiding under shells and stones. Attracted, he began following this incredibly shy creature, trying to prove he wasn't an enemy by staying very still in her presence. For weeks she escaped him: hiding in her cave, masking herself, or pushing her liquid body into the nearest crack. And then, after 26 days, she reached out and touched him.
Foster was able to have intimate (亲密的) moments of this octopus' short life by spending up to two hours following her every day for a year. Foster said if you gained the trust of an animal over a period of months, it would actually ignore you to a certain degree, carry on with its normal life and allow you to step inside its secret world.
The most powerful moment for Foster was when she allowed him to follow her on a hunt. It was not like arriving upon a hunting scene in a Jeep on land. In the water it was intimate. When she chose to let him go into her world, it was a very, very special moment of not just being accepted, but that his presence to her also felt natural, like he belonged in that space with her.
Foster has spent the last ten years diving to relieve his depression. Putting himself in this underwater world has calmed his mind. Over the years, other animals also have reached out to make contact, including otters, whales, cuttlefish and even sharks. But nothing has compared to his “once-in-a-lifetime” bond with the octopus.
Foster says the greatest lesson she taught him is that humans are part of the natural world around us, and not simply visitors. Our role in the natural world is the most precious gift we have been given.
1. How did Craig Foster deal with the octopus?
A. By protecting her from enemies.
B. By controlling her moving range.
C. By keeping observing her quietly.
D. By feeding her with her favourite food.
2. Which word can best describe Craig Foster?
A. Ambitious.
B. Cooperative.
C. Patient.
D. Energetic.
3. What can be learnt about the octopus according to the passage?
A. She was the only animal that contacted Foster.
B. She got used to the presence of Foster gradually.
C. She regarded Foster as the most experienced hunter.
D. She paid no attention to Foster throughout the contact.
4. What is the purpose of Craig Foster's years of diving?
A. To deal with his mental problem.
B. To reach out to make contact with ocean animals.
C. To explore the secret of the creatures under the water.
D. To look for his once-in-a-lifetime bond with the octopus.

答案： 语篇导读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述克雷格·福斯特(Craig Foster)和章鱼建立信任的故事,告诉我们人与动物之间信任的重要性。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Attracted, he began following this incredibly shy creature, trying to prove he wasn’t an enemy by staying very still in her presence.”可知，福斯特通过静静地观察章鱼来处理与章鱼之间的关系。故选C。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第一段第三、四句“For weeks she escaped him: hiding in her cave, masking herself, or pushing her liquid body into the nearest crack. And then, after 26 days, she reached out and touched him.”可知，福斯特跟了章鱼26天，才有了和章鱼的第一次接触。由此可推知，福斯特是一个很有耐心的人。故选C。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“福斯特说如果你在几个月内获得了动物的信任,它实际上会在一定程度上忽视你,继续正常生活,让你进入它的秘密世界”以及第三段第一句“对福斯特来说，最震撼的时刻是她允许他跟着去打猎”和第三句“在水中，这是亲密的”可推知，福斯特与这只章鱼有了亲密的时刻，他获得了章鱼的信任。故章鱼已经渐渐习惯了福斯特的存在。故选B。
4.A 细节理解题。根据第四段前两句“在过去的十年里，福斯特潜水来缓解他的抑郁。把自己置身于水下世界使他平静下来”可知，福斯特潜水多年是为了缓解抑郁，解决心理上的问题。故选A。

B
(2024·浙江杭州高二期中)Microplastics are one of the largest environmental problems we face. They are tiny bits of plastics less than 5mm long. Now a tiny robotic fish that might help tackle one of the problems of plastic pollution has been invented by scientists in China.
The bionic little swimmers have been programmed to wiggle their way through water collecting microplastics as they go. The robofish are only 15mm long. Yet, they can travel quite quickly as they clean. They move by flashing a laser on and off in their tails. It causes the tail to flap side to side which drives the “fish” forward through the water. As they swim along, any nearby microplastics get drawn towards the robots and stick to them.
Not only their shape but also the material they are made out of is inspired by marine life. Instead of being made out of the traditional materials used for soft robots that can be damaged easily in the water, this one was made from a material that takes inspiration from mother-of-pearl. Mother-of-pearl is found on the inside surface of clam (蛤蜊) shells. As well as attracting microplastics, the material could also heal itself after being cut, still maintaining its ability to absorb microplastics. Because it's so durable and can swim as fast as it does (for how small it is), the researchers say that it could be used for monitoring microplastics and other pollutants in the hard-to-reach places of complex underwater environments.
Microplastics have been found nearly everywhere. They've been found in our oceans, on top of mountains, in some of the food we eat and even in the stomachs of some marine animals. One of the biggest problems with microplastics is, because of their size, they are difficult to clean up. This is especially true of microplastics in the ocean. The scientists hope that their tiny fish-shaped robots can one day help tackle this global problem. At the moment, the robofish are something called proof of concept. It just means that the scientists were able to make something that proves their idea worked.
Now that the team has shown that their idea works, they are going to keep working on it. They hope to create new versions that can dive deeper and absorb more microplastics.
5. What does the underlined word “wiggle” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Move from side to side.
B. Jump forward.
C. Turn over and over.
D. Circle around.
6. What's Paragraph 3 mainly talking about?
A. Where the material of the robofish comes from.
B. The material and the usage of the robofish.
C. Mother-of-pearl giving the tip for the material of the robofish.
D. Both the shape and the material of the robofish are inspired by nature.
7. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?
A. An advanced robofish will be made.
B. The robofish will be put into the market soon.
C. The operating life of the robofish is short.
D. All the microplastics can be removed soon.
8. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Mother-of-Pearl Found to Help Dissolve Plastics
B. Tiny Robo-crabs Programmed to Absorb Microplastics
C. Scientists in England Creating Robofish Attracting Microplastics
D. Robofish Created by Scientists Absorbing Microplastics

答案： 语篇导读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学家发明的一种可以帮助解决塑料污染问题的小型机器鱼。
5.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“They move by flashing... side to side which drives the ‘fish’ forward through the water.”可知，机器鱼在水中左右摇摆地移动；结合画线词所在句“The bionic little swimmers have been programmed to wiggle their way through water collecting microplastics as they go.”可知，这些仿生机器鱼在水中左右摇摆地移动。故可推知，画线词wiggle意为“移动”，与A选项意思一致。故选A。
6.B 段落大意题。根据第三段“不仅它们的形状，而且它们的材料也受到海洋生物的启发。这款机器人不是用很容易在水中损坏的用于制作软体机器人的传统材料制作的，而是用灵感来自珍珠母贝的一种材料制作的。珍珠母贝存在于蛤蜊壳的内表面。除了可以吸附微塑料外，这种材料在切割后也可以自我愈合，仍然可以保持吸附微塑料的能力。因为它是如此地耐用，并且可以游得很快（因为它是如此地小），研究人员说，它可以用来监测在难以到达的复杂水下环境中的微塑料和其他污染物”可推知，本段主要介绍了机器鱼的材料和用途。故选B。
7.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“既然团队已经证明他们的想法是可行的，他们将继续努力。他们希望创造出能够潜得更深、吸收更多微塑料的新型机器鱼”可推断出，一种先进的机器鱼将被制造出来。故选A。
8.D 标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第一段“微塑料是我们面临的最大的环境问题之一。它们是长度小于5毫米的塑料碎片。如今，中国科学家发明了一种可以帮助解决塑料污染问题的小型机器鱼”可知，文章主要介绍了中国科学家发明项“科学家制造的吸收微塑料的机器鱼”适合作为本文的标题。故选D。