《2025年绿色通道45分钟课时作业与单元测评高中英语选择性必修第三册人教版》

B
(2024·四川绵阳高二期末) Humans have always looked to nature for inspiration to solve problems. Leonardo da Vinci applied biomimicry to the study of birds in the hope of enabling human flight. Although he was not successful at his own flying machine, his ideas lived on and were the source of inspiration for the Wright Brothers, who were also inspired by their observations of pigeons in flight. They finally did succeed in creating and flying the first airplane in 1903.
Recent success stories exist in terms of how biomimicry can be applied to building design. While buildings serve to protect us from nature's extremes, this does not mean that they do not have anything to learn from the biological world. In fact, nature regularly builds structures with functionality that human-built structures could usefully emulate. Biomimetic research, science and applications continue to grow and are already influencing the next generation of building products and systems as well as whole building designs.
For example, photovoltaic systems（光伏系统）, which harvest solar energy, are a first step at mimicking the way a leaf harvests energy. Research is underway to create solar cells that are very similar to nature. These cells are water gel-based—essentially artificial leaves that couple plant chlorophyll（叶绿素） with carbon materials, ultimately resulting in a more flexible and cost-effective solar cell.
The rough surface of a lotus leaf acts as a self-cleaning mechanism allowing dirt to be cleansed off the surface naturally by water, for instance, during a rain shower. Even the smallest of breezes on the plant causes a subtle shift in the angle of the plant allowing gravity to remove the dirt without the plant having to consume any energy. This same idea has been applied to the design of new building materials such as paints, textiles, and glass that reduce the need for cleaning and also reduce maintenance and material replacement costs.
5. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A. Da Vinci's idea was of little practical use.
B. Da Vinci was the first to study biomimicry.
C. The Wright Brothers owed their success to da Vinci.
D. Pigeons are one source of the inspiration for the first airplane.
6. What does the underlined word "emulate" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Compare.
B. Perform.
C. Copy.
D. Apply.
7. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?
A. Solar cells are more productive with lower cost.
B. Solar cells have been widely used in conserving energy.
C. The lotus leaves can be employed in new building materials.
D. The effect of gravity inspired the development of self-cleaning materials.
8. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Nature has inspired many inventions and will continue to.
B. It is rewarding for designers to observe and learn from nature.
C. Humans have benefitted a lot from consuming natural resources.
D. Even the greatest scientists need to stand on the shoulders of giants.

答案： B
语篇导读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了仿生学在人类解决问题中的应用，从历史上的莱昂纳多·达·芬奇到现代建筑设计中对自然界的模仿，以此来展示人类如何从自然界中获取灵感进行创新。根据第一段中的“Although he was not successful at his own flying machine, his ideas lived on and were the source of inspiration for the Wright Brothers, who were also inspired by their observations of pigeons in flight. They finally did succeed in creating and flying the first airplane in 1903.”可知，莱特兄弟受鸽子飞行的启发，创造了第一架飞机。故选D。
5.D 细节理解题。根据画线词所在句“In fact, nature regularly builds structures with functionality that human-built structures could usefully emulate.”可知，事实上，大自然经常建造具有一些功能的结构，这些功能是人类建造的结构可以有效地emulate的；结合下一句的“仿生研究、科学和应用不断发展，已经影响到下一代建筑产品和系统以及整个建筑设计”可推知，画线词emulate的含义和下句中的Biomimetic呼应，即copy(复制，模仿)。故选C。
6.C 词义猜测题。
7.A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“这些电池是基于水凝胶的——本质上是人工叶片，将植物叶绿素与碳材料结合在一起，最终形成更灵活、更具成本效益的太阳能电池”可推知，太阳能电池生产效率更高，成本更低了。故选A。
8.A 文章大意题。通读全文，结合第一段第一句“人类总是向大自然寻求解决问题的灵感”以及第二段第一句“在仿生学如何应用于建筑设计方面，最近成功的案例有很多”可推知，文章主要介绍了人类从大自然中获得了很多发明的灵感，现在人类还在继续研究自然，用来进行发明创造。故选A。