《2025年绿色通道45分钟课时作业与单元测评高中英语选择性必修第三册人教版》

B
(2025·河北石家庄高二检测) Imagine this. You need an image of a balloon for a work presentation and turn to an AI (artificial intelligence) text-to-image generator, like Midjourney or DALL-E, to create a suitable image. You enter the prompt (指令) “red balloon against a blue sky” but the generator returns an image of an egg instead.
What's going on? The generator you're using may have been “poisoned”. What does this mean? Text-to-image generators work by being trained on large datasets that include millions or billions of images. Some of the generators have been trained by randomly scraping online images, many of which may be under copyright. This has led to many copyright infringement (侵害) cases where artists have accused big tech companies of stealing and profiting from their work.
This is also where the idea of “poison” comes in. Researchers who want to empower individual artists have recently created a tool named “Nightshade” to fight back against unauthorised image scraping. The tool works by slightly changing an image's pixels (像素) in a way that confuses the computer vision system but leaves the image unchanged to a human's eyes. If an organisation then scrapes one of these images to train a future AI model, its data pool becomes “poisoned”. This can result in mistaken learning, which makes the generator return unintended results. As in our earlier example, a balloon might become an egg.
The higher the number of “poisoned” images in the training data, the greater the impact. Because of how generative AI works, the damage from “poisoned” images also affects related prompt keywords. For example, if a “poisoned” image of a Picasso work is used in training data, prompt results for masterpieces from other artists can also be affected.
Possibly, tools like Nightshade can be abused by some users to intentionally upload “poisoned” images in order to confuse AI generators. But the Nightshade's developer hopes the tool will make big tech companies more respectful of copyright. It does challenge a common belief among computer scientists that data found online can be used for any purpose they see fit.
Human rights activists, for example, have been concerned for some time about the indiscriminate use of machine vision in wider society. This concern is particularly serious concerning facial recognition. There is a clear connection between facial recognition cases and data poisoning, as both relate to larger questions around technological control. It may be better to see data poisoning as an innovative solution to the denial of some fundamental human rights.
5. What does the underlined word “scraping” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Promoting.
B. Collecting.
C. Damaging.
D. Polishing.
6. According to the passage, what might happen if poisoned data is added?
A. Increase the accuracy of returned information.
B. Cause users to forget the prompt key words.
C. Affect the training of generative AI.
D. Make profits from great masterpieces.
7. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?
A. Data poisoning is somehow justified to direct attention to human rights.
B. Computer scientists has learnt to respect the copyright of most artists.
C. Nightshade is being abused by human rights activists to recognise faces.
D. The issue of technological governance has aroused the lawyers' interest.
8. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Data Poisoning: Government Empowering Citizens to Protect Themselves
B. Data Poisoning: Addressing Facial Recognition Issues Among Artists
C. Data Poisoning: Risks and Rewards of Generative AI Data Training
D. Data Poisoning: Restricting Innovation or Empowering Artists

答案： B
语篇导读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了AI文本生成图像工具的工作原理及可能存在的版权问题等。
5.B 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句前句“文本生成图像的工具是通过在包含数百万或数十亿张图片的大型数据集上进行训练来工作的”可知，文本生成图像工具需要分析网上大量的照片；再根据画线词前的randomly和画线词后的“online images, many of which may be under copyright”可推知，文本生成图像工具需要从网上收集图片。所以画线词与collect意思相近。故选B。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第三段的“If an organisation then... which makes the generator return unintended results. ”可知，添加“有毒”数据会破坏模型的性能，使其无法正常工作或产生错误的结果。故选C。
7.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“It may be better to see... fundamental human rights.”可知，或许最好将数据中毒视为一种创新的解决方案，以解决某些基本人权遭到剥夺的问题。这意味着，数据中毒可以被视为引起人们对人权问题的注意的一种方式，从而证明在某些情况下使用数据中毒是合理的。故选A。
8.D 标题归纳题。根据第一段的“你输入提示词‘蓝天下的红色气球’，但生成器返回的却是一张鸡蛋的图片”、第二段的“生成器可能已经被‘投毒’”、倒数第二段的“可能有些用户会滥用像Nightshade这样的工具，故意上传‘有毒’图像以混淆AI生成器。但Nightshade的开发者希望这个工具能让大型科技公司更加尊重版权”以及最后一段的“Human rights activists, for example, have been concerned for some time about the indiscriminate use of machine vision in wider society.”等可知，文章主要解释了“中毒”数据的含义，即通过工具对图像像素进行细微修改，使得这些图像在训练AI模型时会导致模型学习错误，从而产生非预期的输出，没有使用这一工具的文本生成图像的训练导致了许多侵犯版权的案件发生，引起了艺术家的不满。故推知，本文从数据中毒入手，围绕限制创新还是授权艺术家进行知识产权的保护进行了讨论，D选项“数据中毒：限制创新还是赋权艺术家”能够总结全文内容，为最佳标题。故选D。