《2025年实验班全程提优训练高中英语必修第二册人教版》

(2025·河北石家庄一模)阅读理解
主题语境:人与自然
语篇类型:说明文
建议用时:8
跨学科
As more and more species near extinction, scientists have been collecting samples from animals, plants and other creatures and storing them in biobanks across the globe. But climate change, environmental disasters and wars threaten these modern Noah's arks. Now, a team of researchers is brainstorming an out-of-this-world solution: building one of these vaults(库) on the moon.
A biobank in a permanently shadowed region at the moon's south pole could be far more stable than those on Earth. This part of the moon usually remains around $-196^{\circ}$ Celsius, perfect for storing most animal cells long-term, marine biologist Mary Hagedorn and colleagues report in BioScience.
Hagedorn and colleagues drew inspiration from the Svalbard Global Seed Vault in Norway which takes advantage of below-zero Arctic temperatures to preserve millions of seeds from around the world. In 2017, melting(融化) frozen soil threatened to flood the vault, highlighting the need for a backup plan. A different team has proposed building a lunar ark in lava (熔岩) tubes that run beneath the moon's surface. But that design requires a solar-powered cooling system; any loss of power would destroy the samples. In the moon's forever-frozen shadowed regions, a lunar vault wouldn't need energy or constant human maintenance, Hagedorn's team says.
Given the shadowy south pole's low temperatures, Hagedorn says, a vault there could store "one of the most powerful cells that we have today"—fibroblasts. Scientists can transform these animal cells into stem cells, "and then those stem cells can be used for cloning," she says. The cells could be valuable for regenerating populations of threatened or extinct species and for building ecosystems in future human settlements on the moon or Mars.
The proposal has its share of barriers. For instance, the moon's permanently dark regions aren't free from temperature swings, says lunar scientist Benjamin Greenhagen of the Johns Hopkins University. "They are still cold but perhaps not always cold enough for this project without some level of temperature management."
1. Why is the moon an ideal place for the biobank?
A. It's not affected by wars.
B. It's not environmentally polluted.
C. It has proper temperatures.
D. It has rich resources for research.
(C)
2. What led to Hagedorn's proposal of a lunar biobank?
A. The solar-powered cooling system.
B. The lava tubes on the moon's surface.
C. The problem facing the Norway Vault.
D. The discovery of ice on the lunar pole.
(C)
3. What can scientists use fibroblasts to do?
A. Form stem cells for cloning.
B. Explore moon soil conditions.
C. Help land humans on the moon.
D. Improve the eco-system of the earth.
(A)
4. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Lunar Exploration: The Next Frontier for Cloning
B. Relieving Climate Change: The Moon Biobank Project
C. The Moon as a Backup: A New Solution for Seed Storage
D. Building Biobanks on the Moon: A Proposal to Save Biodiversity
(D)

答案： 1. C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“月球的这一部分通常保持零下196摄氏度左右，非常适合长期储存大多数动物细胞”可知，月球温度适宜，是建立生物库的理想之地。故选C。
2. C 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Hagedorn和她的同事们从挪威的斯瓦尔巴全球种子库获得了灵感，该种子库利用北极零下的温度保存了来自世界各地的数百万颗种子。2017年，融化的冻土有可能淹没了种子库，这凸显了后备计划的必要性”可知，挪威的斯瓦尔巴全球种子库面临的问题致使Hagedorn提出建立一个月球生物库。故选C。
3. A 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Hagedorn说，鉴于南极阴暗地区的低温，那里的一个储藏室可以储存‘我们今天拥有的最强大的细胞之一’——成纤维细胞。科学家们可以将这些动物细胞转化为干细胞，‘然后这些干细胞可以用于克隆，’她说。”可知，成纤维细胞可以转化为干细胞用于克隆。故选A。
4. D 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“现在，一组研究人员正在集思广益，想出一个不可思议的解决方案：在月球上建造一个这样的储藏库”可知，文章主要讲述随着气候变化和人类活动对地球的威胁日益加剧，科学家们提议在月球上建立一个生物库，以保护地球上的濒危物种。D项“在月球上建立生物库：拯救生物多样性的建议”为最佳标题。故选D。