《2025年实验班全程提优训练高中英语必修第二册人教版》

Ⅱ. (2023·全国乙卷)阅读理解
主题语境: 人与社会 语篇类型: 议论文 建议用时: 7
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non - literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non - literate societies such as these, all our first - hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. How past events should be presented.
B. What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words.
D. Why written language is reliable.
2. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in Paragraph 2?
A. His report was scientific.
B. He represented the local people.
C. He ruled over Botany Bay.
D. His record was one - sided.
3. What does the underlined word “conversation” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Problem.
B. History.
C. Voice.
D. Society.
4. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects
D. How Art Works Tell Stories

答案： 1. A 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“If you want to tell the history of the whole world，a history that does not privilege one part of humanity，you cannot do it through texts alone，because only some of the world has ever had texts，while most of the world，for most of the time，has not.”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。
2. D 推理判断题。根据第二段首句“Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects，and some chapters of this book are able to do just that，but in many cases we simply can't.”可推知，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“From the English side，we have scientific reports and the captain's record of that terrible day. From the Australian side，we have only a wooden shield（盾）dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot.”可推知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从自己的角度描述了历史。故选D。
3. B 词义猜测题。根据画线单词上文“The Caribbean Taino，the Australian Aboriginals，the African people of Benin and the Incas，all of whom appear in this book，can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made；a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact（联系）between literate and non-literate societies such as these，all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted，only one half of a dialogue.”及画线单词所在句“If we are to find the other half of that conversation，we have to read not just the texts，but the objects.”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读实物。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。
4. C 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“If you want to tell the history of the whole world，a history that does not privilege one part of humanity，you cannot do it through texts alone，because only some of the world has ever had texts，while most of the world，for most of the time，has not.”和最后一段中的“If we are to find the other half of that conversation，we have to read not just the texts，but the objects.”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好地了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。
→表明要将两者结合起来