《2025年一遍过初中英语九年级全一册冀教版》

[2023 苏州中考改编] Confucianism (儒家思想) has been followed by Chinese people for more than two thousand years. To help people understand how to behave towards others, Confucianism teaches the Five Constants (五常). They are ren, yi, li, zhi and xin. They are general virtues around the world. The most important two are ren and li.

Ren is the feeling of care and love we should have for others. Confucius explained ren could best be understood as loving others. He is famous for teaching people “What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others”. It is quite similar to what is known in the West as the Golden Rule (treat others as you wish to be treated).
While the meaning of ren is easy to understand, li is a little harder to express. It can be thought of as duty or even respect. Generally, li is the way we should connect with people in our everyday life. In Confucian writings, discussions about li include the proper way to drink tea and how to remember ancestors (祖先). While ren is mostly about our opinions and feelings, li is about how we express our opinions and feelings towards others and towards the world around us.
Perhaps the most well-known Confucian virtue is xiao. This is the duty children have to their parents. Xiao means loving, respecting, obeying and taking care of one's parents in their old age. In Confucianism, xiao is important for a harmonious (和谐的) society: Without it, the whole world would fall into a mess.
1 Which are the most important of the Five Constants?
A. Ren and yi.
B. Ren and li.
C. Li and xin.
D. Yi and zhi.
2 [跨学科·语文] What is the best Chinese translation of the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?
A. 博学于文,约之以礼。
B. 学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。
C. 己所不欲,勿施于人。
D. 君子和而不同,小人同而不和。
3 Which of the following is an example of li?
A. Building a peaceful society.
B. Taking care of one's children.
C. Following rules for drinking tea.
D. Learning all through one's life.
4 What does the passage mainly tell us about Confucianism?
A. Its general virtues.
B. Its long history.
C. Its new challenges.
D. Its golden rules.
5 [新考法·篇章结构题] What is the structure of the passage?
A. ①/②③/④
B. ①②③/④
C. ①②/③④
D. ①/②③④

答案： 1 B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的"Confucianism teaches the Five Constants(五常)... The most important two are ren and li"可知答案。
2 C 句子翻译题。画线句是说,不要把自己不喜欢的事强加给别人,即己所不欲,勿施于人。故选C。
3 C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的"In Confucian writings, discussions about li include the proper way to drink tea"可知,答案为C。
4 A 主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了儒家思想中的"仁""礼"和"孝";结合第一段中的"Confucianism teaches the Five Constants(五常)... They are general virtues around the world"可知,本文主要介绍了儒家思想中的美德。故选A。
5 D 篇章结构题。通读全文可知,第一段引出话题,第二至四段分别介绍儒家思想中的"仁""礼"和"孝",本文为总分结构,故选D。